论英语典故与习语的来源与翻译[Abstract]Idiomsarefixedphrasesthatgothroughthetestofhistoryandcannotbetreatedseparately.Inordertobeloyaltotheoriginaltext,thetranslationofEnglishidiomsshouldnotonlykeeptheoriginaltasteofthesource,butalsomeetthestandardsofwriting,especiallyformythologyandallusion.BecauseEnglishidiomshavemanifestedandabsorbedthedifferentnationalcultureofancientGreek,ancientRome,andNorthernEurope,itismoretypicalandrepresentativethanotherformsoflanguageonreflectingtheculturaldiversity.Domesticationandforeignizationaretwomainmethodsoftranslation.Andtherearesomeconcretetranslationskillsasfollows:1.Literaltranslation2.Freetranslation3.Borrowing4.Literaltranslationwithannotation.Inthetrendofculturalglobalization,cultureamongvariousnationalitiespermeateandsticktogethermutually.Andthereaders’abilitytoacceptthenewculturalimageryhasimproveddaybyday.Thereforesolongasnottoaffecttheunderstandingofsourcelanguage,theauthoradvocatestranslatingEnglishidiomsdirectlyasfaraspossibletocarryontheculture,whichpromotestheexchangeandfusionofcultureallovertheworld.[KeyWords]idioms;allusion;translationmethods【摘要】习语是指那些经受了历史的长期考验,千锤百炼而形成的固定词组。为了忠于原文,习语翻译既要保持源语的原汁原味,也要符合译入语语言文字的需求。尤其在翻译习语中的神话典故时更应注意以下三点1.译入语结构的平衡2.译出源语的民族特色和地域色彩3.尽可能保留源语的形象。因为英语习语吸收了众多来自古希腊，古罗马，北欧古代神话等欧洲各民族的文化精髓，所以在体现语言的文化差异方面,习语比其他语言成分更具有典型性和代表性。基本的英语翻译方法有归化和异化，具体体现如下：直译法，意译法，借用法，直译加注。在当前文化全球化的时代背景下，各民族间的文化相互渗透和融合的趋势愈来愈强。人们对于外来文化、异国情调的包容、接纳以至欣赏能力也日渐提高。因此,作者认为只要在不影响译语读者理解的前提下,应提倡尽量以文化直入模式进行习语翻译,以促进世界文化的交流与融合。【关键词】习语；神话典故；翻译方法1.IntroductionWhenopeningOxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionaryofCurrentEnglish,onecanseesuchanentry:“Idiom(n.)Phraseorsentencewhosemeaningisnotclearfromthemeaningofitsindividualwordsandwhichmustbelearntasawholeunit.”[1]AndEnglishtranslationtheoreticianPeterNewmarkalsosaid:“Anidiomisacurrentandfrequentlyusedgroupofwordswhosemeaningisnotclearfromthecommonmeaningsofitsconstituentwords”.[2]Inbrief,idiomsarefixedphrasesthatgothroughthetestofhistoryandcannotbeseparated.Sothewholemeaningusuallycannotbesurmisedintranslationandthecomponentsmustnotbeseparatedatone’sease.2.BackgroundEnglishasaninternationallanguage,itsusageiswide-ranging.ManycountrieschooseEnglishastheirofficiallanguage.Whatismore,sixtypercentofbroadcastingintheworlduseEnglishtopropagatetheirinformation.Ofcourse,therearemanyidiomsinEnglishandpartsofthemareloanwords.ThefeaturesofassimilatingloanwordsinEnglishareevident.Ontheonehand,itbelongstoGermaniclanguagefamilythatenablesittotakepossessionofthecommonwordsinGermaniclanguage.Ontheotherhand,EnglishkeepsintouchwithFrenchandRomanlanguagefamilycloselyforalongtime.TheancientGreekmythologies,RomanmythsandfairytalesofnorthernEuropearethepubliclyownedwealthofEuropeannations.TheyhavedeepinfluenceondevelopmentofwholeEuropeancultureinwhichmanystoriesprovidesourcematerialsforEnglishidioms.Therefore,EnglishidiomstakeinanywordthatcanrepresentthemainEuropeanculture.Anditismoretypicalandrepresentativethanothersinreflectingtheculturaldiver...
