摘要为了稳定和提高辣木产品的有效成分含量，本研究以生态园种植的二年生辣木为材料，比较了辣木有效成分黄酮和多糖的提取和测定方法，找到了辣木黄酮和多糖提取方法和条件的最佳优化组合。并应用乙醇回流法和苯酚-硫酸法探讨了叶龄、器官、产地、采收期、管理水平、朝向等与有效成分含量的关系。研究结果如下：辣木总黄酮的最佳提取条件为：用70%的乙醇作为提取溶剂，乙醇用量为20倍，提取温度为80℃，提取3次，每次90min。在此提取条件下，辣木叶总黄酮量为6.59%。辣木多糖的最佳提取条件为：以15倍的溶剂用量，在90℃水浴条件下，提取3次，每次120min，在此提取条件下，辣木叶多糖量为25.51%。辣木叶片总黄酮和多糖含量均以45d的壮龄叶含量最高，总黄酮含量可达6.11%，多糖含量可达21.97%；幼龄叶和老龄叶中的总黄酮和多糖含量都比较少。辣木不同器官的总黄酮含量为花柄中最多，根中最少，其变化范围为0.53%～4.47%；不同器官的多糖含量为根中最多，叶柄中最少，其变化范围为8.16%～33.61%。不同产地的辣木有效成分含量为：总黄酮含量均在西郊赛车厂种植的含量最高，分别为叶6.78%、叶柄3.43%、茎2.66%；多糖含量均在新丰县种植的含量最高，分别为叶27.14%、叶柄16.19%、茎12.28%，韶关学院生态园种植的辣木总黄酮和多糖含量均为最低。不同采收期的辣木有效成分含量均在11月采收时含量最高，其中总黄酮含量为叶5.69%、叶柄3.13%、茎2.01%；多糖含量为叶28.85%、叶柄9.71%、茎12.24%。不同管理水平的辣木有效成分含量为：叶在中等管理水平下有效成分含量最高，叶柄和茎中有效成分含量依次为低＞中＞高。不同朝向的辣木有效成分含量为各器官在向阳和背阳区之间均没有显著性差异。关键词：辣木；总黄酮；多糖；提取方法；发育ThepreliminarystudyontheinfluencefactorsofextractionmethodsandcontentofFlavonesandPolysaccharideinMoringaOleiferaAbstractAimtostabilizeandimprovetheproductsbyeffectivecontentofMoringaoleifera,whichisfromtheecologicalparkYingdongofShaoguanUniversityinGuangdongplantingMoringaoleiferaoftwoyears.WefoundthattheethanolcircumfluenceforflavonesdeterminingandPhenol-sulfericacidmethodforPolysaccharideweretheoptimalextractiontechnology.Additiontothis,therelationshipoftheLeaves,organ,producingarea,Harvesttime,andlevelsunderthemanagement,positionwiththeeffectivecomponentcontentwouldbediscussed.Theresultsshowedthat:TheoptimalextractiontechnologyoftotalflavonesfromtheleavesofMoringaoleiferawas:70%ethanol,20timesvolume,80℃,90minutesandextractthreetimes.Theyieldoftotalflavoneswas6.59%underthisoptimalextractioncondition.TheoptimalextractiontechnologyofpolysaccharidesfromtheleavesofMoringaoleiferawas：15timesvolumewaters,90℃,120minutesandextractthreetimes.Theyieldofpolysaccharidecontentwas24.76%underthisoptimalextractioncondition.ThetotalflavonesandpolysaccharidecontentofMoringaoleiferawerethehighestonthestrongerleaves,which45daysolder.Thetotalflavonewas6.11%andpolysaccharidewas21.97%ontheseleaves.Otherwise,thesecontentswerelessontheyoungerleavesandolderleaves.TotalflavonescontentofMoringaoleiferaindifferentorganswereshowedthat:theflower-petioleismost,rootisleast,andthevarietyboundwere0.53%～4.47%.Andthepolysaccharidecontentontherootsweremost,thepetiolewereleast,andthevarietyboundwere8.16%～33.61%.TheeffectivecomponentsonthedifferentProducingareawere:thetotalflavoneswerethehighestinthematerialsfromthewestsuburb-racingfactory.Inwhichtheleaveswere6.78%,petioleswere3.43%andstemswere2.66%.ButthepolysaccharideintheXinfengfactorywasthehighestlevels.Theleaveswere27.14%,petioleswere16.19%,andstemswere12.28%.TheeffectivecomponentsweretheleastwhichfromtheYingdongecologicalparkofShaoguanUniversity.Therewasa...
