1定语从句一定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.注意：弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句、选择好关系词的关键。二关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了。Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.他喜欢外国作家写的书。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Heisthemanthat/wholivesnextdoor.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？Theperson(that/whom)youintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天之后的季节是夏季。Idon’tlikestoriesthat/whichhaveunhappyendings.我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。Thedress(that/which)Annboughtdoesn’tfitherverywell.安买的衣服不太合身。5.whose指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。2注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.Thehousethewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。注意：不能拆开的词组：lookfor/lookafter/takecareof/puton/takeoff…Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.这是我正在找的手表。Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichar...
