Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries-grammar素材语法点拨With复合结构与独立主格结构with复合结构与独立主格结构是英语中常见的两种结构形式。从某种意义上说，它们可以算作是非谓语动词用法的延伸。它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。抓住这一点，就可以把二者融会贯通，从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。with复合结构的模式是：with+名词/代词（作逻辑主语）+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（作逻辑谓语）独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词（作逻辑主语）+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（作逻辑谓语）请看下例：一、作时间状语1、Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.2、Withourworkhavingbeenfinishedwell,wewentoutforaholiday.=Ourworkhavingbeenfinishedwell,wewentoutforaholiday.3、Withthetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.=Thetrafficlightgreen,thebusgotmoving.4、Withtheweddingdinnerparty(being)over,weleftthehotel.=Theweddingdinnerparty(being)over,weleftthehotel.二、作原因状语5、WithitbeingSunday,thelibrarywasclosed.=ItbeingSunday,thelibrarywasclosed.6、Withtheweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.=Theweatherterriblycold,weenteredtheroomtowarmourselves.7、Withustocareforthechildrenyouareabletobecarefreeawayfromhome.=Wetocareforthechildren,youareabletobecarefreeawayfromhome.（注意此处的we不得改成us，用了us便不是独立主格结构了。）8、Withthekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=Thekeyhavingbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.三、作条件状语1、Withtimepermitting（许可）,we’llvisittheSummerPalace.=Timepermitting,we’llvisittheSummerPalace.2、Withthecargoingwrong,we’llhavetostopatthefootofthemountain.=Thecargoingwrong,we’llhavetostopatthefootofthemountain.四、作伴随状况状语1、Themotherwascleaningthehousewithherbabyplayingonthebed.=Themotherwascleaningthehouse,herbabyplayingonthebed.2、Heworeashirtwiththeneckopen.=Heworeashirt,theneckopen.3、LastnightIfollowedhim,andclimbedin,withaswordinmyhand.=LastnightIfollowedhimandclimbedin,swordinhand.4、Hesattherethinking,withhisheadonhishand.=Hesattherethinking,headonhand.注意：若with复合结构在句中作伴随状况状语，且结构模式又是“with+名词+介词短语”，那么with复合结构转换成独立主格结构时，介词前后的两个名词就应该用单数形式且不带包括冠词在内的任何限定词。上述句3、句4便是例证。无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中的was就必须去掉：Hesatatthedeskreadingwithapenwasinhisrighthand.这两种结构在句中作时间、条件或原因状语时，分别与表示时间、条件或原因的状语从句同义。例如：Timepermitting;wewillvisittheYellowMountain.=IftimepermitswewillvisittheYellowMountain.ItbeingSunday,peoplegotuplatethatday.=AsitwasSundaypeoplegotuplatethatday.Themeetingover,weallwenthome.=Whenthemeetingwasoverweallwenthome.with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。例如：Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.有趣的是，这两种结构可以结合起来合适，并表现出独立主格的特色来。例如：Inthepark,thetouristsareenjoyingdifferentkindsoftrees,somewithasinglebranchgrowingashighas15meters.（游客们在公园里观赏各种树木，有些树的单枝就高达15米。）句中“some+with…”是独立主格结构，而with后面又带有自己的复合结构。Theboysareplayingwithsnow,eachwithafacer...
