Unit13AssessmentinLanguageTeachingWhat’stheassessmentAssessmentinELTmeanstodiscoverwhatthelearnersknowandcandoatacertainstageofthelearningprocess.117.AssessmentpurposesthatyouthinkapplytoanELTclassroom.X1.Todiscoverlearners'weaknessesAgree/disagree√2.Todiscoverlearners'achievements√3.Toevaluatetheexistingcurriculum√4.Tocheckuponteachers'performance√5.Tomotivatelearners√6.Toprovideanincentiveforlearning√7.Toprovidethebasisforfurtherplanningofteaching:whattoteachnext√8.ToqualifystudentsX9.Toprovidethebasisforcorrection√10.Toprovidecriteriatoqualifyforhigherlevelstudies√11.Toprovidelearnerswithasenseofaccomplishment√12.Tofostertheabilitytolearn.118.Assessmentmethods:(Teacher’sassessment,continuousassessment,students'self-assessment,andportfolios讲义.)1).Teacher'sassessmentResearchshowsthattheteacher'sknowledgeofchildrenandtheirstrengthsandweaknessesismoreaccurateandsoundthantesting(LawandEckes,1995:44).2).ContinuousassessmentThefinalgradegiventothestudentisnothisorhermarkonthefinalexampaper;rather,itissomekindofcombinationofthegradesthelearnerhasreceivedforvariousassignmentsduringthecourse.3).Students'self-assessmentThestudentsthemselvesaregiventhechancetoevaluatetheirownperformance,usingclearcriteriaandweightingsystemsagreedonbeforehand.4).Portfolios.Portfoliosarecollectionsofassignmentsandprojectsthatstudentshavedoneoverlongperiodoftime.119.Assessmentcriteria1).Criterion-referencedassessment标准考试Criterion-referencedlanguageassessmentisbasedonafixedstandardorasetcriterion.2).Norm-referencedassessment水平考试Norm-referencedassessmentisdesignedtomeasurehowtheperformanceofaparticularstudentorgroupofstudentscompareswiththeperformanceofanotherstudentorgroupofstudentswhosescoresaregivenasthenorm.3).Individual-referencedassessment参摸考试Individual-referencedassessmentisbasedonhowwellthelearnerisperformingrelativetohisorherownpreviousperformance,orrelativetoanestimateofhisorherindividualability.AdvantagesDisadvantagesCriterion-referencedNorm-referencedIndividual-referenced120.Assessmentprinciples:1)assessauthenticuseoflanguageinreading,writing,speaking,andlistening;2)assessliteracyandlanguageinavarietyofcontexts;3)assesstheenvironment,theinstruction,andthestudents;4)assessprocessesaswellasproducts;6)analyzepatternsoferrorsinlanguageandliteracy;7)bebasedonnormaldevelopmentalpatternsandbehaviorinlanguageandliteracyacquisition;8)clarifyandusestandardswhenassessingreading,writing,andcontentknowledge;9)involvestudentsandparents,aswellasotherpersonnelsuchastheESLormain-streamteacher,intheassessmentprocess;10)beanongoingpartofeveryday.121.Testinginassessment（Bellowarethemostfrequentlyusedtestformats）1).QuestionsandanswersStudentsareaskedtoanswerquestionsaccordingtoinformationprovidedinreadingtextsorrecordedmaterials.2).TrueorfalsequestionsStudentsareprovidedwithasetofstatementsrelatedtothereadorheardtextsandrequiredtodecidewhethertheyaretrueorfalseaccordingtothetexts.3).Multiple-choicequestionsThisformcanbeusedvirtuallyforalllanguageareas,suchasreading,listening,vocabulary,grammar,andpronunciation.4).Gap-fillingorcompletionStudentsareaskedtocompleteparagraphsorsentencesbyeitherfillinginwordsthattheythinkareappropriateorchoosingthebestfromthegivenchoicesThetestgoalscanbeofgrammar,vocabularyorreadingcomprehension.5).MatchingquestionsTraditionallymatchingisonlyusedforvocabularytests,6).DictationStudentswritedownexactlywhatisreadtothem.7).TransformationUsuallystudentsareaskedtotransfersentencesfromonepatterntoanotherbutkeeptheoriginalmeaning.8).TranslationStudentsareaskedtotranslatesentencesorparagraphsfromorintothetargetlanguage.9).EssaywritingStudentsareaskedtowriteanessayonacertaingiventopic.10).InterviewsInterviewsareoftenusedtoevaluateoralskills.
