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MorepracticeCountingbeforenumbersBrainstorming•Beforenumbers,whatdidancientpeopleusetocountthingslongtimeago?•Readtheonlinearticleandthencompletetheflowchartaboutthedevelopmentofcountingmethods.Countingbeforenumbers12345theirfingersandeventheirtoessmallmarksonsticksandbonestokensmadefromclayorsmallstonessystemsofwrittentheHindu-ArabicsystemLanguagepoints•1.Beforetheinventionofwrittennumbers,peopleusedmanydifferentwaystocountthings.在文字数字发明之前，人们用很多不同的方式来算数•(1)inventionn.“发明”；v.invent;n.inventor•(2)countv.“计算，计数”。•(3)use…todo“用…来做某事”。•2.However,theycouldonlycountsmallnumbersinthisway.然而，他们仅仅以这种方式来算数目小的数。•(1)however“然而”；后面有逗号，同义词but后直接加内容。•(2)inthisway“以这种方式”。•3.Afterthat,theybegantomakesmallmarksonsticksandbones.那以后，他们开始在棍子和石头上作小标记。•begintodosth.“开始做某事”，相当于begindoingsth.•beginwith…“以…开始”•begin可与start互换。•4.Thishelpedthemcountbiggernumbers.这帮助他们计算更大的数目。•helpsb.dosth.“帮助某人做某事”，动词不定式to常省略。•也可用helpsb.withsth.;有时也可直接用helpdosth.•5.Theyusedthemtocountthingslikethewaysofthemonth,theamountoffoodandthenumberofanimalstheyhad.•人们使用他们来算数，像月份的方式，他们拥有的食物的数量，动物的数目等•(1)theamountof“…的数量”后加不可数名词。•(2)thenumberof“…的数目”后加可数名词的复数形式。•6.Thenpeoplebegantousetokensmadefromclayorsmallstones.然后人们开始使用用黏土或小石头制成的代币.•(1)token“代币”；clay“黏土”。•(2)madefrom…在这里是过去分词短语作后置定语。•7.Theyoftenputthetokensonpiecesofstringsothattheycouldcarrythemaroundeasily.人们经常把代币串在绳子上以便容易携带。•sothat“以便”；另有用法so…that…“如此…以致…”其中so后加副词或形容词；that后加句子。•如：Hewassoangrythathecouldnotsayaword.•8.Thisdevelopedintotoolsliketheabacus.这发展成了像算盘这样的一些工具•(1)developinto“发展成…”“开发成…”。•(2)like介词“像”。•developed“发达的”，•developing“发展中的”,•developmentn.发展•9.Finally,peoplebegantodevelopsystemsofwrittenmarkstoshowdifferentnumbers,andthisledtotheHindu-Arabicsystem.•最后，人们开始开发书写标记的方法来表示不同的数字，而这通向了印度阿拉伯系统。•(1)system“系统；制度；方法”•(2)leadto“引起，导致，通向…的路”。lead过去式是led;leadsb.to…“把某人带领到...”。Exercise•1.Atweekends,Iusuallyhelpmymum________somehousework.•A.todoingB.do•C.doesD.fordoing•2.Ihavemanyhobbies________singing,playingchessandsoon.•A.arelikeB.like•C.forexampleD.looklikes•3.Theoldfarmerarecounting________moneyand_________animalshehad.•A.theamountof;thenumberof•B.theamountof;theamountof•C.thenumberof;theamountof•D.thenumberof;thenumberof•4.吃完晚饭后，他开始做作业了。•Afterdinner,he_____________________hishomework.•5.《中国好声音》以这种方式吸引越来越多的观众。•VoiceofChinaattractsmoreandmoreaudience____________________.•6.他这次小小的错误引起了巨大的损失。•Hismistake_______________abiglossthistime.startedtodointhiswayledto