GrammarGrammar过去分词作状语,一是表被动的动作,二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语:1.Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill1.时间状语,可在过去分词前加上连词when,while,until等.2.Don’tspeakuntilyouarespokento.Untilspokento2.原因状语原因状语1.Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords2.Ashewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened3.条件状语条件状语1.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Givenmoretime2.Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapour.Heatedtoahightemperature4.让步状语让步状语1.Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.Thoughwarnedofthestorm2.EvenifI’minvited,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.Evenifinvited5.方式、伴随状语方式、伴随状语1.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.Followedbyagroupofstudents2.Themanagerheldhisheadhigh,hewalkedintotheroom.Holdinghisheadhigh分词的时态1)一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如:Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.典型例题Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing答案B.此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和waspreparing。只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。2)完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如:Whilewalkinginthegarden,hehurthisleg.分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用havingdone。Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.=Ashehadfinishedhishomework,hewentout.典型例题___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotB.C.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived答案C.本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not+分词,故选C。该句可理解为:Becausehehadnotreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.分词的语态1)通常,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。例如:Heisthemangivingyouthemoney.(=whogaveyou…)他就是给你钱的那个人。Heisthemanstoppedbythecar.(=whowasstoppedby…)他就是那个被车拦住的人。2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生,如gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned等。例如:awell-readperson.一个读过许多书的人amuch-traveledman一个去过许多地方的人aburnt-outmatch烧完了的火注意:选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。例如:Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。3)_______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat答案C.本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动,正在进行的;过去分词表被动的,已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句Whenitisheated,…注意:选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。例如:Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用连词+分词(短语)有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚,可在分词前加连词。连词有:when,while,ifthough,after,before,as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。例如:Whilewaitingthere,hesawtwoprettygirlscomeoutofthebuilding.等在那儿时,他看...