现在完成时讲义现在完成时1．与过去时的区别（1）过去时只表示过去，不能代表现在（2）现在完成时表示发生在过去并持续到现在或影响现在2．标志（1）already，yet,ever,never,since,for,just,recently,（2）overthe(past)years,over/in/duringthepast20years,sofar,uptonow,bynow3．结构have/has+pp(过去分词)4．注意点（1）already(已经)，用于肯定句，yet(已经，还)用于否定句和疑问句，ever一般用于疑问句，有时用于肯定句（2）since，for用于动作持续了多长时间，动词必须是持续性动词5．非持续性动词（过去时）与持续性动词（现在完成时）的替换（1）buy--------have/hashad（2）borrow-------have/haskept（3）goto/cometo---------have/hasbeenin（at）…（4）arrivein/at---------have/hasbeenin（at）…（5）leave----have/hasbeenaway（from……）（6）die------have/hasbeendead（7）join----have/hasbeenin…（have/hasbeenamemberof…）（8）begin/start----have/hasbeenon（9）stop/finish/end-----have/hasbeenover（10）getmarried----have/hasbeenmarried（11）open---have/haskept…open（12）close—have/haskept…closed（13）turnon…---have/haskept…on（14）turnoff…have/haskept…off（15）fallasleep----have/hasbeenasleep6．过去分词（1）规则动词的过去分词A．+edB．以辅音字母+y为结尾，改y为-iedC．clap-clapped，shop-shopped，stop-stopped，plan-planned，chat-chatted，travel-travelled，step-stepped（2）不规则动词的过去分词（重点记忆）begin-began，begun；bring-brought，broughtbuild-built，built；buy-bought，boughtchoose-chose，chosen；think-thought，thoughtdo-did-donecatch-caught-caughtgo-went-goneteach-taught-taughtdraw-drew-drawngrow-grew-growndrive-drove-driveneat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenfly-flew-flownfeel-felt-felthear-heard-heardgive-gave-givenhold-held-heldkeep-kept-keptknow-knew-knownleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-made；take-took-takensee-saw-seenwrite-wrote-writtenshow-showed-shownspeak-spoke-spokensay-said-saidsell-sold-soldtell-told-toldspend-spent-spentforget-forgot-forgottenbreak-broke-broken现在完成时专项训练一、用所给动词适当形式填空1.Hefellasleepwhilehe____________(watch)TVlastnight.2.Youarehere.Ithoughtyou__________(be)inBeijing.3.Whereisyourfather?He___________(go)toHongKong.4.WhereisTom?H_______(repair)hischairthere.5.I___________(notsee)youforsometime.6.Inthepast10years,I________(fly)toShanghaionlyonce.7.______youever_________(fall)intoariver?8.Jane_________(notwrite)tomerecently.9.Thechangestomyhometown__________(bring)usmanyadvantagesnow.10.Myschoolbagisn’there.I____________(leave)itathome.二、句型转换1.Theyhavealreadyfinishedtheirhomework.(否定句)2.He’sneverbeenlateforschool.(反意疑问句)3.Theyhavelivedheresincetenyearsago.(对划线部分提问)4.Thefilmstartedat2o’clockthisafternoon.(同义句)5.Myfatherborrowedamagazinelastweek.6.Tonylefthishometowntenyearsago.7.Theteacherturnedontherecorderthismorning.8.Hisgrandfatherdiedlastyear.9.Mybrotherarrivedhometwodaysago.10.MikebecameanORBISdoctorwhenhewas18yearsold.
