非谓语动词(2)•非谓语动词作定语•一.不定时作定语•1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点,工具等,不定时后面需有相应的介词。•TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.•不定式所修饰的名词如果是time/place/way时,不定式后面的介词通常省去。•Hehadnomoneyandplacetolive(in).•2.不定时作定语的几种情况•(1)不定式表将来Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.(2)用来修饰被序数词,最高级或no/all/any等限定的中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。•Hewasthebestmantodothejob.•ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalntheOlympicGames.•(3)有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而他们也常跟不定式作定语。常见的有promise/plan/attempt/offer/decision/refusal•Failure/ability/chance/warning/anxiety/eagerness/willingness/readiness等•Idon’ttrusthispromisetocomeforavisit.•(比较Hepromisedtocomeforavisit.)•Hesaidhehadnoplanstogothere.•(比较Hedidn’tplantogothere.)•Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirdstostayaway.•(比较Birdswarnotherbirdstostayaway.)•Hemadeanattempttostandup.•(比较Heattemptedtostandup.)•题组训练单项填空•Theability_______anideaisasimportantas•Theideaitself.•A.expressingB.expressed•C.toexpressD.tobeexpressed•Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew______withallbyourselves•Everyday.•A.dealB.DealtC.todealD.dealingCC•3.不定式的主动形式和被动形式•(1)不定时修饰的名词或代词和不定式在逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。•Doyouhaveaknifetocutthewatermelon?•(Theknifecutthewatermelon.)•(2)不定时和他前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,有何该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式常用主动形式。•Shehasasistertolookafter.•(Shelooksafterhersister.)•(3)Therebe句型中,当说话人考虑的是必须由人去完成某件实时,不定式用主动形式;如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成,则用被动形式。•Thereisalotofworktodo.•(Someonehastodothework.)•Thereisalotofworktobedone.•(Theworkhastobedone.)•二.分词作定语•1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为:v-ing•Bing+过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与动词为主动关系时,用v-ing;当被修饰的名词与动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用bing+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与动词为被动关系时,用过去分词。•Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.•(被动,正在进行)•“Thingslostnevercomeagain.”Icouldn’thelp•talkingtomyself.(被动,完成)•Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.•(主动,表特征)•2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为v-ing•和过去分词。V-ing可以表示正在进行,也可以表示特征;过去分词表示已经完成或状态。•boilingwater正在沸腾的水(表正在进行)•boiledwater白开水(表完成)•agoodlookingflower一朵好看的花(表特征)•fallingleaves正在落下的树叶(正在进行)•fallenleaves已经落下的叶子(表完成)•developingcountries发展中国家(正在进行)•developedcountries发达国家(表完成)•3.英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人感到…的”,过去分词形式表示“感到…的”•anexcitingvoice一个令人兴奋的声音•anexcitedvoice一个兴奋的声音•apuzzlingexpression一个令人困惑的表情•apuzzledexpression一个困惑的表情•题型训练单项填空•Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand_______lessthanfortypoundsmustbeinachildseat.•A.beingweightedB.toweigh•C.weightedD.weighing•Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.•A.comparedB.comparing•C.compareD.beingcomparedDB•三.tobedone/done和beingdone作定语的区别。•tobedong表被动将来•done表被动•beingdone表被动进行•HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?•(表被动完成)•Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.(表被动正在进行)•Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.(表被动将来)•题组训练单项填空•Theplayers______fromthewholecountry•Areexpectedtobringushonorinthisgame.•A.selectingB.toselect•C.selectedD.havingselected•Hisfirstbook_____nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.•A.publishedB.tobepublished•C.topublishD.beingpublishedCB•四.现在分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别•现在分词作定语时,所修饰的名词是现在分词的逻辑主语。动名词作定语表示的是被修饰名词的作用,用途等所修饰的名词不是动名词的逻辑主语。•amovingtruck正在移动的卡车•asleepingbag一个睡袋•awalkingstick一根拐杖