语法专题十三特殊句式1.倒装句(1)完全倒装谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种：1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如：here,there,now,then,under,up,down,in,away,off,out,intheroom,onthewall等，置于句首。如：InalecturehallofauniversityinEnglandsitsaprofessor.Inthischapterwillbefoundtheanswerstothosequestions.Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.Outrushedthechildren.Awayflewtheplane.2)such置于句首时。如：SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanandthe20thcentury’sgreatestscientist.此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be“”动词应与其后的真正的主语保持一致。如：Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.(2)部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种：1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如：OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.注意：only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：Onlyhecananswerthequestion.2)否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom等置于句首时。如：NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.＝Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore.Notasinglemistakedidhemake.＝Hedidn’tmakeasinglemistake.HardlydoIthinkitpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark.＝Ihardlythinkitpossibletofinishthejobbeforedark.3)虚拟语气中，省略if的句子，可将were,had或should放于句首，构成倒装句。如：Ifitshouldbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoswimming.＝Shoulditbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoswimming.4)以下六个重要的固定句型常用倒装形式：①...so＋be/have/助动词/情态动词/＋主语，表示“……”也是如此。如：Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;sodothosewithdisabilities.“……”注意：如果句意不是也是如此，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so＝indeed)，那么，句子则不可使用倒装式。例如：Hesaidhewouldhelpus,andsohedid.他说他要帮助我们，他的确这么做了。A:Itishot.A：天真热。B:Soitis.B：的确如此。A:Heislazy.A：他真懒。B:Soisshe.B：她也一样。②...neither(或nor)＋be/have/助动词/情态动词＋“……”主语，表示也不这样。Lilycan’tride;neither(或nor)canLucy.③so＋adj./adv.that...“…………”如此，以至于。SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.④neither...,nor...“…………”不，也不。由于neither和nor都是否定词，所以其前后句均需倒装。如：Neitherhashecalledonher,norwillhedoso.⑤notonly...,butalso...“…………”不仅而且。Notonlywillthehelpbegiventopeopletofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.⑥notuntil...“…………”直到才。Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.(3)形式倒装形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是：只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构非常多，但有三个重要的句型需要特别留意：1)感叹句Whataninterestingtalktheyhave!Howinterestingtheirtalkwas!2)themore...themore...句型ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyou’llmake.注意：此句型中的第一个themore引导的相当于一个条件状语从句，第二个themore引导的相当于一个主句。所以，上面例句的意思实质上就是Ifyouworkharder,youwillmakegreaterprogress.3)whatever;however＋adj./adv.引导让步状语从句的句型。Gotostampsalesandbuywhateveryoucanafford.Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.注意：①whatever的后面也可以接名词，若有many或much修饰，则必须把whatever换成however。试比较：Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.无论你有什么理由，你都应当遵守诺言。Howevermanydifficultiesyoumeetwith,youshouldtrytoovercomethem.无论你遇到多少困难，你都应当设法克服。②however可以改写成nomatterhow而意义不变。...
