初级英语与语法与修辞EnglishGrammarandRhetoric•ContentsBacktoschool☺Lead-in☺Homework☺LookingAhead☺ApproachingtheTopic☺DiscoveringGrammar☺ApplyingGrammar☺FurtherDevelopment☺Metonymy•Lead-in•-Look!Thatisthepersonwhohasbeennamedthefirstviolinintheorchestra.Whichpartoftheconversationcontainstheuseofpassivevoiceandmetonymy?Lookingahead•Learntousethereceiverofanactionasthesubject.•Knowhowtochangeactivevoiceintopassivevoice.•Learntousethenameofonethingtoreplaceanther.ApproachingtheTopic•1MapdescriptionproducegrapesraisesheepgrowwheatgrowbananasgrowriceinthenorthinthesouthinthenorthwestinthemiddleinthenortheastApproachingtheTopic•Sentencemaking•The/Asheepisraisedinthenorth.•Wheatisgrowninnortheast.•Bananasaregrowninthesouth.•RiceisgrowninthemiddleChina.ApproachingtheTopic•2Readthepassageandunderlinethesentencesinpassivevoice…isgiven……arepresented……arenominated……ischosento……isnotopened……arenotknown……werepresented……wasattendedby……areonlysentto……arenolongersoldto……isbeingbuilt……arepresentedin……isseenby…DiscoveringGrammar•SimplepresentTheOscarsaregivenouteveryyeartorecognizethevestworkofmovieactors,directors,andotherswhoarepartofthemovie-makingindustry.•PresentcontinuousAnevenbiggerauditoriumisbeingbuilt.DiscoveringGrammar•SimplepastWhentheawardsceremonystartedin1927,15awardswerepresentedandtheceremonywasattendedbyonly250people.DiscoveringGrammar•PresentperfectSince1952,OscarnighthasbeentelevisedandbroadcastintheU.S.aswellasinhundredsofothercountries.DiscoveringGrammar•SimplefutureSeveralweeksbeforetheceremony,moviereviewersmakepredicationsaboutwhichmoviesandactorswillbeawarded,…..DiscoveringGrammarTensesFormsTensesFormssimplepresentpresentcontinuoussimplepastpastcontinuouspresentperfectis/are+doneam/is/are+being+donewas/were+donewas/were+being+donepastperfecthave/has+been+donesimplefuturepastfuturemodalhad+been+donewill/shallbe+donewouldbe+donemodalverb+be+done什么时候用主动语态或被动语态？•主语是动作的执行者就用主动语态•主语是动作的承受者就用被动语态Theactivevoice&ThepassivevoiceDiscoveringGrammar在主动语态句子变成被动语态句子时，哪三个部分要变？怎么变？1.把原句的宾语改为主语。2.把原句的谓语动词改为被动语态结构(be+p.p.)。3.把原句的主语改为by的宾语（用宾格）,可省略。DiscoveringGrammare.g.Shemadethecake.Thecakewasmade(byher).DiscoveringGrammar一般来说，及物动词可以用作被动结构；不及物动词和介词结合可构成动词短语，也可以用于被动语态。DiscoveringGrammarYoushoulddoyourhomeworkatonce.AYourhomeworkshoulddoatonce.1ActiveandpassiveDiscoveringGrammarBYourhomeworkshouldbedoneatonce.ICHemadehercry.AShewasmadetocrybyhim.1ActiveandpassiveDiscoveringGrammarBShewasmadecrybyhim.ICBIwasgivenabarofchocolatebymyfather.Myfathergavemeabarofchocolate.AAbarofchocolatewasgiventomebymyfather.1ActiveandpassiveDiscoveringGrammarCCtheboy_____thefish.theman_____thefish.ExerciseWhoeatswho?DiscoveringGrammareatsiseatenbyTip:Whenthelogicalsubjectoftheinfinitiveisthereceiverofanaction,theinfinitiveshouldbeinpassive.2PassiveinfinitivesDiscoveringGrammarForm:to+be+doneA当不定式的逻辑主语就是主句的主语时，逻辑主语不需要表示出来。2PassiveinfinitivesDiscoveringGrammarIamproudtobepraised.B当不定式的逻辑主语不是主句的主语时，逻辑主语必须表示出来。Itisimpossibleforlosttimetobemadeup.A:Thespeakerisinvited.2PassiveinfinitivesDiscoveringGrammare.g.1It’...
