unit1-3语法-不定式todo1.不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形(如towrite)所构成的一种动词形式,但在有些情况下to可以省略。所有的主动词,不论是及物动词还是不及物动词,都有不定式形式。没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。2.不定式的用法1)不定式结构作主语1.TegetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.2.Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge.在上述情况下,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面。如:1.ItmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.2.Johnadmittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime.不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以通过forsb.todosth.结构表达:如:1.Itisquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringageneralreview.2.Itisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语:1.Itisverykindofyoutotellmethetruth.2.Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything.2)不定式作宾语不定式作宾语有两种:一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。及物动词+带to的不定式结构:只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有:afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decidedemand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。1.Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.2.Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway.3.Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:这类动词常见的有advise,decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英语语法总结,remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有:what,when,where,which,how,whether等。1.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart.2.Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.3.Iwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达:动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。1.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.2.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o’clock.3)不定式做表语一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语是不定式(表示结果):1.Toseeistobelieve.2.Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用:;例如:1.Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture.2.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice.3.WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience.4)不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型:第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如:1.Therewasreallynothingtofear.2.Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread.如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。例如:1.Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith.2.Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout.3.Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento.4.Althoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachairtositon.第二种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语;例如:1.Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?2.Theactiontobetakeniscorrect.3.Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending.第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾...