四、名词解释：1)Parole 话语 ：①it refers to the realization of langue in actual use. ②it is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules. ③it is concrete, refers to the naturally occurring language events. ④it varies from person to person, and from situation to situation. 2)Applied linguistics 应用语言学 ：findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the solution of such practical problems as recovery of speech ability. The study of such applications is known as applied linguistics. 3)Reference（所指）语义 : It means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world, it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. 4)Illocutionary act 言外行为 ：the act of expressing the speaker’s intention,it is the act preformed in saying something. 5)Regional dialect地域方言 ：it is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region. It has been found that regional dialect boundaries often coincide with geographical barriers such as mountains, rivers and swamps. 6)LAD(Language Acquisition Device)语言习得机制 ：It was described as an imaginary "black box" existing somewhere in the human brain. 7)CA（ Contrastive Analysis）对比分析 ：starting with describing comparable features of the native language and the target language, CA compares the forms and meanings across these two languages to locate the mismatches or differences so that people can predict the possible learning difficulty learners may encounter. 8)Neurolinguistics（神经语言学）：it is the study of two related areas：language disorders and the relationship between the brain and language. It includes research into how the brain is structured and...
