课堂笔记（一） 1) A.D. 应该写在年数之前, B.C. 应该写在年数之后, 如: from 300 B.C. to A.D. 400 由公元前三百年到公元四百年 B.C.为Before Chris（t 公元前）的缩写，A.D.表示anno Domini (=in the year of the Lord 或 since Christ was born),即“公元”。A.D.用来与 B.C.形成对比， 出现在正式的史书中，平时一般不用。 2) operation give an operation on sb 给某人做手术 have an operation (on sb) 动手术 operation on sb. for sth. operation to do sth. be in operation come into operation 生效，起作用 bring into operation 实施;使生效 When does the plan come into operation?这项计划什么时候实施？ Is this rule in operation yet?这条规定生效了吗？ 3）The mummy is that of Shepenmut that 用以指代前面的 the mummy，以避免重复。在指代特指的事物时， 尤其是在比较状语从句中，常用 that 和 those 指代前面提到的事物： The cost of living here is lower than that in London. 这里的生活费用比伦敦的要低。 that of 和 those of 一般用于较正式的文体中： The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain. 美国的面积比英国的大。 Tom's pen is better than that of the other boys. 汤姆的笔比其他男孩的要好。 4）plate （照相）底片 ...plates taken of the mummy,taken 是过去分词作定语修饰plates，take the plates of 给......拍片子 hand/give sb sth on a plate 把某事物奉送某人/让某人轻易获得某事物 You can't expect promotion to be handed to you on a plate.晋升的事不要期望会给你送货上门。 5）die of,死于......，因......而死（后面跟名词）。 His grandfather died of a bad cold/died of hunger. 他爷爷死于重感冒／是饿死的。 6）The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult （1）last 表示“持续”、“延续”时为不及物动词，后面通常跟一个表示时间的名词／短语，for 可有可无： The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three years/until 1453. 这两个国家之间的战争持续了 3 年多／一直持续到 1453 年。 ...
