I石蒜生物碱成分研究进展摘 要石蒜（Lycoris radiata.）是石蒜科石蒜属(Lycoris Herb.)植物, 是单子叶植物纲，石蒜科(Amaryllidaceae),是一类具地下鳞茎的多年生草本植物,因为其喜生于溪谷石缝处,并且鳞茎形似蒜头 ,故中文名称之为石蒜, 别名有蒜头草、老鸦蒜。石蒜属是单子叶植物纲石蒜科中的一个重要的属，为多年草本植物，野生或载培，是东亚特有属，是一类具有药用价值和经济价值的药用植物。石蒜可以作为优良的园艺植物，也是传统的药用植物。石蒜的鳞茎具有毒性，味辛，性平，有解毒、祛痰、利尿、有催吐的功效，主要是用来治疗咽喉肿痛、食物中毒、水肿、咳嗽痰喘、小便不利等症 。现代药理学研究表明,石蒜在延缓衰老等领域具有显著作用。蒜属植物不仅具有极其高的观赏价值,并且也是一类非常重要的药用植物,具有很高的经济价值，其蒜属植物的鳞茎中含多糖、生物碱、黄酮类、凝集素等多种化学成分。从其化学成分的种类及其提取分离方法、检测方法等方面,对石蒜属植物近年来研究的主要进展及一些重要的结果进行了总结归纳,指出今后应该加强石蒜属植物药用成分的积累与环境、生长发育、栽培技术的关系及综合利用研究。关键词：石蒜属；石蒜科生物碱；生物碱；药理学作用IIAbstractThe genus Lycoris (Amaryllidaceae) is mainly distributed in the temperate wood lands of eastern Asia, particularly in China and Japan. Lycoris contains various types of alkaloids with a wide range of biological activities. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids affect the central nervous system and have acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimalarial, antitumor, or antineoplastic activity. Lycoris radiata, a perennial monocot, is endemic in China, Japan and Korea. It is commonly known as Shi Shuan and used in China as a traditional folk medicine, from which more than ten indole alkaloids have been isolated. The previous phytochemical studies revealed that L. radiata contained crinine, galanthamine, lycorine, homolycorine and montanine type alkaloids. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids with diverse structural architectures are all biogenetica...
