燃料电池及在大连化物所的发展衣宝廉 张华民 明平文(中国科学院大连化学物理研究所)衣宝廉张华民 明平文(中国科学院大连化学物理研究所大连 116023)Fuel Cells and the Activities in Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CASBaolian YI. Huamin ZHANG. Pingwen MING(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023 P.R.China)Abstract The principles, types, and status of fuel cell are introduced in brief. Dalian Institue of Chemical Physics (DICP) began the fuel cell research for Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) from 1960s. In 9th 5-year Plan, DICP acted as a leadship member in National Key Project, "Fuel Cell Technology". A set of technology was taken out independently. Nowadays DICP focus on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). Recently a new corp. named Dalian Sunrise Power Co., Ltd. was founded for the commercialization of fuel cells, especially for that of PEMFC. DICP is the main shareholder of Sunrise Power for its fuel cell technology.一. 原理,分类与技术现状1. 原理燃料电池( FC)是一种等温进行、直接将储存在燃料和氧化剂中的化学能高效( 50-70%),环境友好地转化为电能的发电装置[1] 。它的发电原理与化学电源一样,电极提供电子转移的场所,阳极催化燃料如氢的氧化过程,阴极催化氧化剂如氧等的还原过程;导电离子在将阴阳极分开的电解质内迁移,电子通过外电路作功并构成电的回路。 但是 FC的工作方式又与常规的化学电源不同,而更类似于汽油、柴油发电机。它的燃料和氧化剂不是储存在电池内,而是储存在电池外的储罐中。当电池发电时,要连续不断的向电池内送入燃料和氧化剂,排出反应产物,同时也要排除一定的废热,以维持电池工作温度的恒定。FC 本身只决定输出功率的大小其储存能量则由储存在储罐内的燃料与氧化剂的量决定。图 1 为石棉膜型氢氧燃料电池单池(single cell)的结构和工作原理图。氢气在阳极与碱中的OH 在电催化剂的作用下,发生氧化反应生成水和电子...