PartⅤTwentieth-Century Literature二十世纪文学Modernism: began in the late 19th century and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. Ezra Pound and T.S.Eliot replaced the logical exposition of thoughts with fragmentary images and complex allusions Modernist writing is cosmopolitan, and often expresses a sense of urban cultural dislocation 混乱 , along with an awareness of new psychological theories. Its favored techniques of juxtaposition 并置 and multiple point of view challenge the reader to reestablish a coherence of meaning from fragmentary forms. 4、现代主义的标志： T. S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land”, the most significant American poem of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive 引用典故的thought. 8. In general terms, much serious literature written from 1912 onwards attempted to convey a vision of social breakdown and moral decay and the writer’s task was to develop techniques that could represent a break with the past. Thus, the defining formal characteristics of the modernistic works are discontinuity and fragmentation.总之， 1912 年以后许多严肃文学都力图表达社会崩溃，道德沦丧的观点，作家也使用新技巧，告别老传统。9.A typical modern work will seem to begin arbitrarily, to advance without explanation, and to end without resolution. 现代文学的典型特征是开端任意，发展不做解释以及没有结果的收场。10. There are shifts in perspective, voice, and tone, but the biggest shift is from the external to internal, from the public to the private, from the chronological时间顺序to the psychic精神的 , from the objective description to the subjective projection.作品在现实，语气上较前有变化，其中最大的变化是从描写外部世界转到内部世界，从公众生活转到私生活描写， 从时间线索转到以心理感...
