1 The North American Translation Workshop（北美翻译培训派） 1. The Developments of the North American Translation Workshop (P5-6) In the early sixties, there were no translation workshops at institution of higher learning in the United States. In 1964 Engle hired a full-time director for what was the first translation workshop in the United States and began offering academic credit for literary translations. The following year the Ford Foundation conferred a ＄ 150,000 grant on the University of Texas at Austin toward the establishment of the National Translation Center. Also in 1965,the first issue of Modern Poetry in Translation, edited by Ted Hughes and Daniel Weissbort, was published, providing literary translators a place for their creative work. In 1968, the National Translation Center published the first issue of Delos, a journal devoted to the history as well as the aesthetics of translation. Literary translation had established a place, albeit a small one, in the production of American culture. The process of growth and acceptance continued in the seventies. Soon translation courses and workshops were being offered at several universities-Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Iowa, Texas, and State University of New York, Binghamton among them. This led to the establishment of the professional organization American Literary Translators Association (ALTA) in the late seventies as well as the founding of the journal Translation for that organization. For a while in the late seventies and early eighties, it looked as if the translation workshop would follow the path of creative writing, also considered at one time a non-academic field, and soon be offered at as many schools as had writing workshops. 2. The t...
