景观生态学概念与理论

景观生态学概念与理论 邬建国 (美国亚利桑那州立大学生命科学系) Landscape Ecology - Concepts and Theories. Wu Jianguo ( Department of L if e Sciences , A rizona S tate University West , PO Box 37100 , Phoenix , A Z 85069 - 7100) . Chinese Journal of Ecolo2 gy ,2000 ,19 (1) :42 - 52. Landscape ecology is an interdisciplinary field that has been rapidly developing in the past few decades. New ideas and perspectives that emphasize spatial heterogeneity , hierarchical linkages , and interactions between pattern , process , and scale have given the field an unique and significant identity. This paper is intended to review and synthesize the recent advances in landscape ecology , presenting a set of core concepts and theories , which include scale , pattern - process , spatial het2 erogeneity , edge effect , hierarchy theory , patch dynamics , patch - corridor - matrix model , island biogeographic theory , metapopulation theory , landscape connectivity , neutral models , and percola2 tion theory. Key words : landscape ecology , scale , pattern and process , spatial heterogeneity , hierarchy theory , edge effect , patch dynamics , metapopulation theory , landscape connectivity. 作者简介:邬建国,博士。美国亚利桑那州立大学生 命科学系教授。 现代景观生态学是一门新兴的、正在 深入开拓和迅速发展的学科。因此,不但 欧洲和北美的景观生态学有显著不同,就 是在北美景观生态学短暂的发展进程中也 逐渐形成了不同的观点和论说。概括地 说,景观生态学研究的重点主要集中在下 列几个方面,即:空间异质性或格局的形成 及动态;空间异质性与生态学过程的相互 作用;景观的等级结构特征;格局- 过程- 尺度之间的相互关系;人类活动与景观结 构,功能的反馈关系以及景观异质性(或多 样性) 的维持和管理[1～6 ] 。反映这些研究 重点的主要景观生态学概念和理论是什么 呢? 本文拟在总结该学科最近20 多年来 的发展的基础上,概括地阐述...