wall thickness壁厚uniformity均匀度norminal size(DN)公称直径friction loads 摩擦载荷colorimetric 比色度deflection偏转 偏向 偏差centrifugally cast pipes离心铸管fitting管件flexible joint挠性接口flange joint法兰接口threaded flange螺纹法兰blind flange盲法兰branch 支管bolt螺栓butterfly Valves蝶型阀Air Venting 排气管Gate Valves 闸阀Socket & Spigot 承插spigot插头socket插座plug塞子gasket 垫片joint restraint连接件rubber gasket橡胶密封垫bell face钟面tensile strength抗拉强度proof stress屈服强度,安全限应力yield strength抗屈强度elongation延伸率impact resistance 抗冲击性ultimate strength 极限强度mechanical property 机械性能tensile test抗拉测试 charpy impact test沙尔皮冲击试验metallographic inspection金相检验hydraulic testing液压测试Hydrostatic testing水压测试spectral analysis频谱分析leak tightness test密封性测试(渗漏紧度)hardness test硬度测试Coke oven炼焦炉blast furnace高炉cupola化铁炉bubble-tight气密infiltration浸润 渗透thermal expansion and contraction热膨胀和收缩sta