《材料科学基础》 Fundamentals of Materials Science 绪论 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 西安工业大学材料与化工学院 王正品 1 绪 论 Preface 1. Dev elopment of Materials A society’s ability to develop and use materials is a measure of both its technical sophistication and its technological future. Materials have been central to the growth, prosperity, security and quality of life of human beings since the beginning of history. 历史学家用材料来划分时代： woodsbonesstonesmaterialsnaturalAgeStone木头骨头石头）天然材料（石器时代)( 太阳能、核能天然气、煤气煤木、草能源天然材料智慧）人工材料（铁器铜器时代陶器)()()(intresourcesenergymaterialsnaturalelligencematerialsartificial • 石器时代 （Stone Age） 公元前 10 万年 • 新石器时代（New Stone Age） 公元前 1 万年 • 青铜时代（Bronze Age） 公元前 3000 年 • 铁器时代 （Iron Age） 公元前 1000 年 • 水泥时代 公元 0 年 • 钢时代 1800 年 • 硅时代 1950 年 • 新材料时代 1990 年 2. The Definition of Materials Science and Engineering Materials science and engineering is an interdisciplinary field concerned with inventing new materials and improving known materials by developing a deeper understanding of the microstructure-composition-synthesis-processing relationships. In materials science, the emphasis is on the underlying relationship between the synthesis and processing, structure and properties of materials. In materials engineering, the focus is on how to translate or transform materials 《材料科学基础》 Fundamentals of Materials Science 绪论 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 西安工业大学材料与化工学院 王正品 2 into a useful device or structure. The term comp...
