学术英语——医学Unit

精品文档---下载后可任意编辑学术英语 医学 Academic English for MedicineUnit 8 Principles of Biomedical EthicsDoctors and biomedical researchers make tough decisions that have to be morally justifiable every day. Biomedical ethics provides moral principles and behavioral guidelines for the biomedical research and practice of medicine. It encompasses philosophy , sociology, theology, and practical applications in clinical settings.Text A Useful expressionsThe distinction between research and practice is blurred partly because… and partly because notable departures from… be treated as autonomous agentspersons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protectionA provides an instructive exampleprisoners not be deprived of the opportunity to volunteer for researchfor which they would not otherwise volunteerJust as the principle of respect for persons finds expression in the requirements for consent, and the principle of beneficence in risk/benefit assessment, the principle of justice gives rise to moral requirements that there be fair procedures and outcomes in the selection of research subjects.Difficult sentencesAlmost all commentators allow that distinctions based on experience, age, deprivation, competence, merit and position do sometimes constitute criteria justifying differential treatment for certain purposes.几乎所有的评论员承认，出于特定目的，进行差异化对待的标准可以包括有无经验、年龄大小、是否贫困、有无能力、功过大小和地位高低等因素的差异。Text B Useful expressionsopinion is divided as to whether…to justify a risky and experimental procedurea pediatric neurosurgeon from Johns HopkinsAt a press conferencethey were so determined to be separated that he felt compelled to try to help themadding, ''I was convinced they would...