1 2011 年 Translation 1. Put the following passage into Chinese (37.7 points) The investigation of competence is challenging because our knowledge of language is both complex and largely unconscious. Few people capable of understanding this sentence could give a linguistic analysis of it, so the question of how such knowledge can be studied permits of no easy answers. Fortunately, although the knowledge itself is tacit, the fruits of that knowledge are available to both public inspection and private introspection: we can observe the performance of others or offer our own intuitions. The example of a stroke victim makes us aware of the complexity and subtlety of our language faculty, but not all mismatchied between our knowledge and exercising of it are so drastic, and even elementary oberservation can give us insight into what exactly it is we know when we know a language. It is worth emphasizing that reliance on intuitions is not a retreat from the usual canons of scientific rigor:” intuitions” is simply another word for “ judgments,” with no mystical or unscientific overtones. There is in fact no difference between our linguistic judgments about sentences of our native 2 language and our visual judgments about illusions, which psychologists try to devise theories of perceptions to account for. Like wise, it is simply a fact that we judge the sentence “they are flying planes” as ambiguous and linguists try to devise theories of language to explain why. 2. Put the following passage into English (37.5 points) 你听不到任何谈及信仰的话，谁会有那种激情呢？神学痛苦地坐在哲学的窗边，巴望着哲学的眷顾，向哲学大献殷勤。据说，理解黑格尔很困难，但理解亚伯拉罕却轻而易举；超越黑格尔是奇迹，但超越亚伯拉罕却是再简单不过的事。不...
