摘 要 图像增强是指依据图像所存在的问题，按特定的需要突出一幅图像中的某些信息 ，同时，削弱或去除某些冗余信息的处理方法。其主要目的是使得处理后的图像对给定的应用比原来的图像更加有效同时可以有效的改善图像质量。图像增强技术主要包含直方图修改处理、图像平滑化处理、图像尖锐化处理和彩色处理技术等。图像增强单纯从技术上可分成两大类：一类是频域处理法；一类是空域处理法。 空间域的算法分为点运算算法和邻域去噪算法。点运算算法即灰度级校正、灰度变换和直方图修正等，目的或使图像成像均匀，或扩大图像动态范围，扩展对比度。邻域增强算法分为图像平滑和锐化两种。平滑一般用于消除图像噪声，但是也容易引起边缘的模糊。锐化的目的在于突出物体的边缘轮廓，便于目标识别。本文先对图像增强的原理进行概述，然后对图像增强的方法分类并给出直方图增强、对比度增强，平滑和锐化等几种常用的增强方法、彩色图像增强的理论基础，通过 MATLAB 实验得出的实际处理效果来对比各种算法的优缺点，讨论不同的增强算法的技术要点，并对其图像增强方法进行性能评价。关键词：图像增强；直方图；平滑；锐化 Abstract Image enhancement is based on the problems existing in the images, according to the specific need to highlight some of the information in an image, at the same time, to weaken or remove some redundant information processing method. Its main purpose is to make the image after processing for a given application is more effective than the original image at the same time can effectively improve the image quality. Image enhancement technology mainly includes histogram modification, image smoothing processing, image intensification processing and color processing technology, etc. Image enhancement is pure from the technology can be divided into two categories: one is frequency domain processing method; One kind is spatial processing domain algorithm is divided into the neighborhood denoising arithmetic algorithm and namely grayscale correction arithmetic, such as gray transform and histogram modifica...
