常见名词辨析● ability, capacity, capability, competence, faculty, aptitude【辨析】这些名词均可表示人的“能力,才能”之意。ability 普通用词,指人先天的或学来的各种能力。capacity 侧重指人的潜在能力,通常不指体力,多指才智,尤指接受与领悟能力。capability 多用于人,指胜任某项具体工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与 of 或 for 连用。competence 正式用词,侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平,达到胜任某项工作等的要求。faculty 指特别的才能或智力。aptitude 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力,常暗指接受能力强,能迅速掌握一种学术思想或艺术技巧。He has the ability to do the work. 他有做这项工作的能力。Some people have a greater capacity for happiness than others. 有的人享得起福,有的人享不起福。You have the capability to do/ of doing this job well. 你有能力把这个工作做好。No one doubts her competence as a teacher. 谁也不怀疑她能胜任老师工作。Man is the only animal that has the faculty of speech. 人类是唯一有说话能力的动物。Does she show any aptitude for games 能看得出她有体育方面的天赋吗● accident, incident, event, occurrence, happening【辨析】这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意。accident 常指不幸的、预料不到的、突发性的意外事件,如车祸、灾难等,常与 by 连用。incident 既可指小事件或附带事件,又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变、战争等。event 可指任何大小事件,但尤指历史上的重大事件。occurrence 和 happening 这两个词多指日常生活中发生的一般事件,有时也指偶然发生的事。He had met with an accident on the way. This is why he was late for the meeting. 他在路上遇到了交通事故,所以他开会迟到了。The other day I came across an interesting accident. 我前几天碰到一件有趣的事。My father told me of an incident that took place on his first day at school. 父亲告诉我他开学头一天发生的一件事。Don’t be troubled with the incident. 别因那件小事而苦恼。The May 4th Movement was an important event in the Chinese history. 五四运动是中国历史上一件重大的事件...