常见名词辨析● ability, capacity, capability, competence, faculty, aptitude【辨析】这些名词均可表示人的“能力,才能”之意
ability 普通用词,指人先天的或学来的各种能力
capacity 侧重指人的潜在能力,通常不指体力,多指才智,尤指接受与领悟能力
capability 多用于人,指胜任某项具体工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力
常与 of 或 for 连用
competence 正式用词,侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平,达到胜任某项工作等的要求
faculty 指特别的才能或智力
aptitude 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力,常暗指接受能力强,能迅速掌握一种学术思想或艺术技巧
He has the ability to do the work
他有做这项工作的能力
Some people have a greater capacity for happiness than others
有的人享得起福,有的人享不起福
You have the capability to do/ of doing this job well
你有能力把这个工作做好
No one doubts her competence as a teacher
谁也不怀疑她能胜任老师工作
Man is the only animal that has the faculty of speech
人类是唯一有说话能力的动物
Does she show any aptitude for games 能看得出她有体育方面的天赋吗● accident, incident, event, occurrence, happening【辨析】这些名词均有“事故、事件”之意
accident 常指不幸的、预料不到的、突发性