Impact of High Penetration of Distributed Generation on System Design and Operations（1。Bartosz Wojszczyk1，Omar Al—Juburi2,Joy Wang3 Accenture，Raleigh 27601,U。S.;2．Accenture,San Francisco 94105，U。S.；3．Accenture，Shanghai 200020，China)ABSTRACT: This paper addresses the topic of massive utility—oriented deployment of Distributed Generation （DG） in power systems。 High penetration of DG presents significant challenges to design/engineering practices as well as to the reliable operation of the power system。 This paper examines the impact of large-scale DER implementation on system design, reliable operation and performance and includes practical examples from utility demonstration projects。 It also presents a vision for the utility of the future and describes DG technologies being implemented by utilities。KEY WORDS: distributed energy resources ； distributed generation；power system design and operation0 Introduction Distributed generation （DG） or decentralized generation is not a new industry concept。 In 1882， Thomas Edison built his first commercial electric plant— “Pearl Street”. This power station provided 110V DC electricity to 59 customers in lower Manhattan. In 1887, there were 121 Edison power stations in the United States delivering DC electricity to customers。 These first power plants were run on water or coal. Centralized power generation became possible when it was recognized that alternating current power could be transported at relatively low costs and reduce power losses across great distances by taking advantage of the ability to raise the voltage at the generation station and lower the voltage near customer loads。 In addition， the concepts of improved system performance （system stability） an...
