本科论文摘 要近年来我国人口结构逐步老龄化,老年人已成为一个庞大的特殊的社会群体。面对与日俱增的老年人群,我国社会养老机构资源匮乏的情况日益凸显,国家鼓励社会各种力量参与养老院的建设和经营,使得养老院数量不断增加。近年来,养老院火灾发生数量直线攀升,养老院消防安全状况不容乐观,如何增强养老院消防安全,为老年人提供一个安全舒适的场所,已成为当前社会中亟待解决的一个重要问题。本文以沈阳某养老院为对象,首先通过制定安全检查表法对其危险源进行分析,结果表明养老院存在着消防车道的宽度,消防软盘设置间距,养老院内的用房和走道内设置火灾探测器和声警报装置三处,并不符合《建筑设计防火规范》的规定,其余都是符合规定的。进一步地,利用事故树分析法进行危险评价,分别从最小割集合和最小径集合,结构重要度三个方面分析,结果表明养老院存在着发生火灾的风险,需要有效控制养老院内设备维修维护时的操作不当,或一些电焊作业时与氧气瓶等医疗设备距离太近,大量使用易燃的装修材料、被褥、纸张,线路老化,使用不合格电器,散热不充分,自救不及时,消防队灭火失败七个最重要的基本事件,以达到有效有效防止火灾发生的目的。在充分考虑老年人生理、心理特点基础上,分析结果表明发生火灾时可自理老年人可以在 6min内完成安全疏散,最后还提出一些火灾防范对策。关键词:养老院火灾;安全检查表;事故树分析法;防范对策本科论文AbstractIn recent years, the population structure of our country is gradually aging, and the elderly have become a huge and special social group. Faced with the increasing number of elderly people, the lack of resources of social pension institutions in China is becoming increasingly prominent, and the state encourages all kinds of social forces to participate in the construction and operation of nursing homes, which makes the number of nursing homes increasing. In recent years, the number of fire in nursing homes has risen sharply, and the fire safety situation in nursing homes is not optimistic. How to enhance fire safety in nursing homes and provide a safe and comfortable place for the elderly has...