专题九 名词性从句一、名词性从句的连接词1.从属连词 that,whether 和 if(1)that,whether,if 在从句中不充当任何成分,只起到连接从句的功能。that 没有实际意义,而 whether,if 意为“是否”。(2)whether 与 if 的用法比较二者均可作“是否”讲,都可以引导名词性从句,引导宾语从句时可以互换。I don’t know whether/if he’ll attend the meeting.在下列情况下,常用 whether,不用 if。①whether 引导从句可以放于句首。Whether he comes or not makes no difference.②whether 可引导表语从句和同位语从句,if 不可。The question is whether it is worth trying.The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.③whether 可以作介词宾语,if 则不可。I haven’t settled the problem of whether I’ll lend him the money.④whether 后可以加不定式,if 不可。He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.⑤ 可以用 whether...or 引导让步状语从句,意为“无论,不论”,if 则不可。Whether it rains or snows,I don’t care.2.连接代词引导名词性从句的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用,同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。3.连接副词引导名词性从句的连接副词有:when,where,how,why。连接副词在句中既是连接词,又作状语。二、主语从句1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用 it 作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that 引导主语从句时可用 it 作形式主语,that 不可省;what 引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时,一般不用 it 作形式主语;whatever,whoever,whichever 一般也不用 it 作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.→It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is more experience.(1)It+系动词+形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal 等)+that 从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour,a wonder,no wonder 等)+that...