Period 4: Grammar学习目标：1. 了解过去完成时的被动形式2. 了解间接引语的表达3. 利用例句归纳出语法规则学习重点：了解过去完成时的被动形式学习难点：利用例句归纳出语法规则课前预习使用说明与学法指导：1. 利用例句归纳出语法规则2. 15 分钟之内完成预习自测：观察下列从 Reading and Vocabulary 中选取的句子，体会过去完成时的被动语态。①By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.②Coghlan travelled back to Canada—after he had been buried in Texas![自我总结]过去完成时的被动语态由“ ”构成，表示某被动动作在过去某时或某动作 已发生。我的疑问：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________课内探究质疑探究：过去完成时的被动语态一、构成 had＋ been＋过去分词二、用法1．表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。该动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”；这一过去时间可用 by，at，before 等构成的短语或 when，after，until 等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示。The project had been completed by the end of 2012.这项工程已于 2012 年底竣工。The classroom had been cleaned before we came.我们来之前，教室已被打扫干净。2．表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，该动作可能还要延续下去；常和 for 或 since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。The sale had been advertised for several weeks.这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。Much work had been done since she arrived here.自她抵达这里后做了许多工作。3．用在含有被动形式的间接引语或宾语从句中，常放在像 said，told, thought，wondered 等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的动作。My classmate told me that he had been punished by his teacher.我同学告诉我他已经受到了老师的惩罚。We all thought he had been killed in the plane crash.我们都以为他在飞机失事中丧生了。直接引语和间接引语直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫做间接引语。直接引语如改为间接引语，1必须在语序、人称、时态和状语方面做相应变化...
