湖南省2012届高考英语二轮复习 第22讲 词义猜测题学案

第 22 讲 词义猜测题(2011·湖南卷 C 篇) … The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. … 67. The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “______”. A. evolution B. exhibition C. separation D. examination 思路点拨：C 文中 divergence of the two species 指代前文 the African Savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species, divergence与 distinct 同义替换，对应选项 C。猜词是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。就方法来说，主要根据上下文线索和构词法。高考阅读文章中更侧重前者。通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组等来确定词义。 1. 直接定义：如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。 如： In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 根据上下文的定义可知 jam 一词在俚语中的意思是 “困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent 等。根据定义猜测词义 2. 同位语：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i．e. 等副词或短语出现。 3. 定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。如： The herdsman,_who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明...