非谓语动词一．动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成：to + 动词原形（这里的 to 是不定式符号，自身无词义） 否认：not+ (to +) 动词原形2.动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. = It is not easy for us to speak English. 作主语用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主语 ， 而 把 不 定 式 放 在 后 面 ， 其 结 构为:It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式表语My work is to clean the room every day. = To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语宾语—What sports does he like to play?— He likes to play basketball. 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time.在 make, let, see, hear, watch 等使役动词后，不定式省略 to定语Have you got anything to say?不定式做定语，要放在所修饰词的后面状语I’m sorry to trouble you. 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.to do 作主语常用 it 作形式主语例： To learn English well is useful. → It is useful（for us）to learn English well. 注意：在 kind, good, nice, clever 等表达人的品质的形容词后，不用 for 而用 of.2.一些表达命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语： would like, like（想要）, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, except 等。例：Would you like too see a film this evening?3.在 find, think 后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。例：I find it easy to read English every day. 4.常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语Why not do ……, why don’t you do…, had better (not) do…, would rater do…, could/ would/ will you please (not) do… 例： I would rather stay in the room. 5.一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但 to 要省略。一感（fell）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let/ make/ let）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）、五帮助（help）,但变为被动语态是必须加上 to. 例：My friends were made to work the whole night by the...
