※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※第一章绪论1／ What is ｌ i ｎ g ｕ istics? 什么是语言学？Lingui ｓ t ｉ cs is ｇ e ｎ era ｌ ly ｄｅ fi ｎｅ d a ｓ ｔ he s ｃ i ｅｎ ti ｆ i ｃ s ｔ udy oｆ ｌ an ｇ uage. It ｓ t ｕ di ｅ s not any parti ｃｕｌ ar langu ａ g ｅ, ｂ ut language ｓ in gen ｅ ral.２/ The scope ｏｆ li ｎ g ｕｉ stic ｓ语言学旳讨论范围Ｔ he st ｕ dy ｏ f language as a wh ｏ le is ofte ｎ called genera ｌ ling ｕ ist ｉ cs . (一般语言学）The study of s ｏ u ｎｄ s, ｗ hich ａｒ e ｕ sed in li ｎ gu ｉｓ tic comm ｕ n ｉ ca ｔｉon， ｉｓ ca ｌ led phonetics. （语音学)The stu ｄｙ of how sound ｓ are ｐ ut ｔｏ gethe ｒ and ｕ se ｄ ｉ n comm ｕｎicatio ｎ is ｃ al ｌ ed phonology. （音系学)The s ｔ udy of th ｅ ｗ ay in ｗ hic ｈ m ｏ rphe ｍ es ａｒｅ a ｒ ranged to form wo ｒ ds are called mo ｒ pho ｌ og ｙ ． （形态学)The ｓ tudy o ｆ ｈ ow mor ｐｈ emes and w ｏ rd ｓ ａ r ｅ combined ｔ o f ｏ rm ｓentences is c ａ lled sy ｎ tax . (句法学)Ｔ h ｅ ｓ tu ｄ y of meanin ｇ ｉ n l ａｎ guage is called semanti ｃ s . （语义学)Ｔ he study of m ｅ ani ｎ g ｉ n context ｏ f us ｅ is ｃ all ｅｄ p ｒ agma ｔ ics . (语用学)T ｈｅ st ｕ d ｙ o ｆ la ｎ guag ｅ ｗｉｔ h re ｆ erence ｔ o societ ｙ is ｃａ lled soc ｉ o-ling ｕ ist ｉｃ s ． （社会语言学)The stu ｄｙ ｏ f ｌ anguage ｗ ith ref ｅ rence to th ｅ w ｏｒｋｉｎ g o ｆ min ｄ is ca ｌ led ps ｙ c ｈ o-linguist ｉｃ s. （心理语言学)Th ｅ study of a ｐ plica ｔ ions (ａ s ｔ he r ｅ covery ｏ f speech ａ bi ｌ ity) is g ｅ nerａ ll ｙ k ｎｏ wn as ａｐ plied lin ｇ uistics . （...
