任务型阅读与书面表达组合练(二)(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.任务型阅读(2017·镇江高三一模)Between1938and1942,researchersinBostonwerebusygettingdowntoastudyofadolescentboysandtheirfamilyrelationships.Some60yearslater,differentresearchersfollowedupwiththeparticipantsandfoundthatthoseraisedinwarmerfamilyenvironmentsweremoresecurelyattachedtotheirpartnersinthelateryearsoflife.InastudypublishedlastweekinPsychologicalScience,coauthorsRobertWaldinger,apsychiatristatHarvardMedicalSchool,andMarcSchulz,apsychologistatBrynMawrCollege,combinedmanydecadesofdatapreviouslygatheredonagroupofmenwithdatatheyrecentlycollectedonthesamementoofferuniquelongtermthinkingontheconnectionbetweenearlychildhoodenvironment,howmenregulateemotionsinmiddleageandthesecurityoftheirattachmentsincloserelationshipslateinlife.Securityofattachment,aconceptthatfirstappearedinthe1960s,istheideathatbecausewearehelplessforlargeportionsofourchildhoodandoldageweneedtobegoodatformingattachmentswithothersandkeepingthemaroundtotakecareofus.“Eachpersonhascertainpeoplewhoaretheirmainattachmentfigures，”Waldingersays—inotherwords,thepersonyouwould“callinthemiddleofthenightifyouwereterrifiedandneededsomeonetocomeover”．Westartformingattachmentsataveryyoungageandcontinuetodosothroughoutourlives.WaldingerandSchulzdeterminedthatregardlessofsocioeconomicstandingthemenraisedinwarmerfamilyenvironmentsusedmoreadaptivestrategiestomanagetheirnegativeemotionsinmidlife,andwerealsomoresecurelyattachedtotheirpartnerslateinlife.Theseresultssuggestourchildhoodenvironmentaffectsourrelationshipsnotonlyintoadulthoodbutfortherestofourlives.ForSchulz,thefindingshighlighttheneedforservicessuchasfamilyleavethatsupportparentsandallowthemtocreatebetterfamilyenvironments.Healsostressestheimportanceofgoodsocialservicesthatcangetinvolvedwhenchildrenendupinpoororunsafefamilysettings.“Kidsmaynotrememberspecificevents,particularlyearlyintheirlifetimes，”Schulzsays.“Buttheaccumulationofloving,nurturingfamilyenvironmentsreallyhasanimpactoveralongperiodoftime.”WaldingerandSchulzalsoemphasizethattherearemanywaystoovercomehavingalessthanidyllicchildhood,suchasactivelyworkingondevelopingwarmer,healthierrelationshipsasanadultorlearninghowtousemoreadaptivestrategiestodealwithnegativeemotions.ChrisFraley,apsychologistattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaignwhostudiesattachmentbutwasnotinvolvedinthepresentstudy,wassurprisedbytheresults.“Therearesomanywaysinwhichpeople'slivescanevolveacrosstime，”suchasfinancialhardships,illness,divorceoroccupationaluncertainty,hewroteinanemail,adding,“Thefactthattheauthorsfoundsuchanassociationisremarkable,andraisesanumberofquestionsaboutthefactorsthatexplainwhyitexists.”Fraleypointedout,however,thatthestudyissmall,alimitationtheresearchersthemselvesacknowledge.Healsocautionedthatanassociationbetweenearlychildhoodexperiencesandattachmentlaterinlifedoesn'tnecessarilymeantheformercausesthelatter.Still,thebestoptionistoprovidekidswithawarmfamilyenvironmentearlyinlife,Waldingersays.“Thebottomlineisthathowwetakecareofchildrenisjustsovitallyimportant.Andprotectingtheirdevelopmentisessentialforlifelongwellbeing.”ThemeThehappierthechildhood,thestrongerthebondsinoldage.ResultofthestudyPeoplewhoare(1)________upinwarmerfamilyenvironmentshavemore(2)________attachmentswiththeirpartnersinthelateryearsoflife.Conceptofsecurityofattachment●...
