任务型阅读与书面表达组合练(四)(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.任务型阅读(2017·盐城市高三三模)Weallknowwhatmakesforgoodcharacterinsoldiers.We'veseenthemoviesaboutheroeswhodisplaycourage,loyaltyandcoolnessunderfire.Butwhataboutsomebodywhositsinfrontofakeyboardallday?Isitpossibletodisplayandcultivatecharacterifyouarejustaninformationageofficeclerk,alonewithamemooryourcomputer?Ofcourseitis.Evenifyouarealoneinyouroffice,youarethinking.Thinkingwellunderaneraofinformationmaybeadifferentsortofmoralchallengethanfightingwellunderahailofbullets,butit'sacharacterchallengenonetheless.Intheirbook,IntellectualVirtues,RobertC.RobertsofBaylorUniversityandW.JayWoodofWheatonCollegelistsomeoftheIntellectualvirtues.Wecanallgradeourselvesonhowgoodweareateachofthem.First,thereiscourage.Theobviousformofintellectualcourageisthewillingnesstoholdunpopularviews.Buttheslighterformisknowinghowmuchrisktotakeinjumpingtoconclusions.Theimpulsivethinkertakesafewpiecesofinformationandleapstosomefarawaytheory.Theperfectionist,ontheotherhand,isunwillingtoputanythingoutthereexceptunderidealconditionsforfearthathecouldbewrong.Intellectualcourageisself-regulation,RobertsandWoodargue,knowingwhentobedaringandwhentobecautious.ThephilosopherThomasKuhnpointedoutthatscientistsoftensimplyignorefactsthatdon'tfitwiththeirexistingparadigms(范式),butanintellectuallycourageouspersoniswillingtolookatthingsthataresurprisinglyhardtolookat.Second,thereisfirmness.Youdon'twanttobeapersonwhoabandonshisbeliefsattheslightestsignofopposition.Ontheotherhand,youdon'twanttoholdrigidlytoabeliefagainstallevidence.Themedianpointbetweenflaccidity(软弱)andrigidityisthevirtueoffirmness.Thefirmbelievercanbuildasteadyworldviewonsolidmaterialsbutstilldelightinnewinformation.Hecangracefullyadjustthestrengthofhisbelieftothestrengthoftheevidence.Firmnessisaqualityofmentalalertness.Third,thereismodesty,whichisnotlettingyourowndesireforstatusgetinthewayofaccuracy.Themodestpersonfightsagainstprideandself-importance.He'snotwritingthosesentencespeoplewritetomakethemselvesseemsmart;he'snotthinkingofhimselfmuchatall.Themodestresearcherdoesn'tbecomearroganttowardhissubject,assuminghehasmasteredit.Suchapersonisdelightedtolearnfromanyoneatanystageinlife.Fourth,thereisautonomy.Youdon'twanttobeapersonwhoblindlyadoptswhateveropinionyourteacherorsomeauthorgivesyou.Ontheotherhand,youdon'twanttorejectallguidancefrompeoplewhoknowwhattheyaretalkingabout.Autonomyisthemedianofknowingwhentobowtoauthorityandwhennotto,whentofollowarolemodelandwhennotto,whentosticktotraditionandwhennotto.Finally,thereisgenerosity.Thisvirtuestartswiththewillingnesstoshareknowledgeandgiveotherscredit.Butitalsomeanshearingothersastheywouldliketobeheard,lookingforwhateachpersonhastoteachandnotlookingtojumponothersfortheirerrors.Montaigneoncewrotethat“Wecanbeknowledgeablewithothermen'sknowledge,butwecan'tbewisewithothermen'swisdom.”That'sbecausewisdomisn'tabodyofinformation.It'sthemoralqualityofknowinghowtohandleyourownlimitations.Charactertestsareexistingeverywhereeveninmoderneverydaylife.It'spossibletobeheroicifyou'rejustsittingaloneinyouroffice.Itjustdoesn'tmakeforagoodmovie.IntellectualVirtuesPassageoutlineSupportingdetailsIntroduction(1)________youarenotaheroatwarandliveinpeace,youstillhavechancestodisplayintellectualvirtues.Intellectualvirtues(2)________bytheexperts●Apersonwithintellectualcourageis...
