江西省科技救灾恢复生产实用技术手册江西省科学技术厅编印二○○八年二月编印说明2008年初以来，持续的雨雪冰冻天气，给我省工农业生产和生活带来了严重影响。为充分发挥科技在减灾和灾后重建中的重要作用，把灾害损失减到最小限度，省科技厅在科技部编制的《南方地区雨雪冰冻灾后重建实用技术手册》的基础上，组织省农科院、江西农大等部门的有关专家，编制了江西省科技救灾恢复生产实用技术手册，供广大灾区有关部门、单位和农民朋友参考。目录第一部分种植业低温减灾实用技术······················（1）一、油菜··························································（1）二、蔬菜··························································（2）三、果树·························································（20）四、茶叶·························································（26）五、苎麻·························································（26）六、花卉、苗木··············································（27）第二部分畜牧养殖业低温减灾实用技术··············（29）一、生猪·························································（29）二、牛羊·························································（33）三、鸡鸭·························································（40）四、畜舍·························································（48）五、牧草·························································（49）六、蜜蜂·························································（50）第三部分林业低温减灾实用技术························（51）第四部分水产养殖业低温减灾实用技术··············（54）第五部分冬天常见病及预防·······························（57）第六部分日常生活实用知识·······························（61）第一部分种植业低温减灾实用技术一、油菜（一）减轻油菜冰雪灾害技术1．清沟沥水，培土壅根。雪后结冰容易引起田埂倒塌和沟渠堵塞，化雪后要利用晴好天气彻底清理田内三沟，及时清沟排水，降低田间湿度，同时加深田外沟渠，预防渍害发生。解冻后可利用清沟的土壤进行培土壅根，特别是拔根掀苗现象比较严重的田块更要注意培土壅根，以减轻冻害对根系的伤害。2．摘除冻苔，清理冻叶。对已经受冻的早苔油菜，融冻后应在晴天及时摘除冻苔，以促进基部分枝生长，弥补冻害损失，切忌雨天进行，以免造成伤口腐烂。要及时清除呈明显水渍状的冻伤叶片，防止冻伤累及整个植株，对明显变白或干枯的叶片要及时摘除。3．补施追肥，喷施硼肥。油菜受冻后，叶片和根系受到损伤，必须及时补充养分。摘苔后的田块，要视情况适当施肥，每亩追施5－7公斤尿素，以促进分枝生长。叶片受冻的油菜，要普遍追肥，每亩追施3－5公斤尿素，长势较差的田块可适当增加用量，使其尽快恢复生长。在追施氮肥的基础上，要适量补施钾肥，每亩施氯化钾3－4公斤或者根外喷施磷酸二氢钾1－2公斤，以增加细胞质浓度，增强植...
