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第1页共6页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共6页TheDimensionsofManagementTheEssentialDruckerPeterF.DruckerBusinessenterprises—andpublic-serviceinstitutionsaswell—areorgansofsociety.Theydonotexistfortheirownsake,buttofulfillaspecificsocialpurposeandtosatisfyaspecificneedofasociety,acommunity,orindividuals.Theyarenotendsinthemselves,butmeans.Therightquestiontoaskinrespecttothemisnot,whatarethey?But,whataretheysupposedtobedoingandwhataretheirtasks?Management,inturn,istheorganoftheinstitution.Thequestion,whatismanagement,comessecond.Firstwehavetodefinemanagementinandthroughitstasks.Therearethreetasks,equallyimportantbutessentiallydifferent,thatmanagementhastoperformtoenabletheinstitutioninitschargetofunctionandtomakeitscontribution.Establishingthespecificpurposeandmissionoftheinstitution,whetherbusinessenterprise,hospital,oruniversity;Makingworkproductiveandtheworkereffective;Managingsocialimpactsandsocialresponsibilities.MissionAninstitutionexistsforaspecificpurposeandmission;ithasaspecificsocialfunction.Inthebusinessenterprise,thismeanseconomicperformance.Withrespecttothisfirsttask,thetaskofeconomicperformance,businessandnonbusinessinstitutionsdiffer.Inrespecttoeveryothertask,theyaresimilar.Butonlybusinesshaseconomicperformanceasitsspecificmission;itisthedefinitionofabusinessthatitexistsforthesakeofeconomicperformance.Inallotherinstitutions—hospital,church,university,orarmedservices—economicconsiderationsarearestraint.Inbusinessenterprise,economicperformanceistherationaleandpurpose.Businessmanagementmustalways,ineverydecisionandaction,puteconomicperformancefirst.Itcanjustifyitsexistenceanditsauthorityonlybytheeconomicresultsitproduces.Abusinessmanagementhasfailedifitdoesnotproduceeconomicresults.Ithasfailedifitdoesnotsupplygoodsandservicesdesiredbytheconsumeratapricetheconsumeriswillingtopay.Ithasfailedifitdoesnotimprove,oratleastmaintain,thewealth-producingcapacityoftheeconomicresourcesentrustedtoit.Andthis,whatevertheeconomicorpoliticalstructureorideologyofasociety,meansresponsibilityforprofitability.WorkerAchievement第2页共6页第1页共6页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共6页Thesecondtaskofmanagementistomakeworkproductiveandtheworkereffective.Abusinessenterprise(oranyotherinstitution)hasonlyonetrueresource:people.Itsucceedsbymakinghumanresourcesproductive.Itaccomplishesitsgoalsthroughwork.Tomakeworkproductiveis,therefore,anessentialfunction.Butatthesametime,theseinstitutionsintoday’ssocietyareincreasinglythemeansthroughwhichindividualhumanbeingsfindtheirlivelihood,findtheiraccesstosocialstatus,tocommunityandtoindividualachievementandsatisfaction.Tomaketheworkerproductiveis,therefore,moreandmoreimportantandisameasureoftheperformanceofaninstitution.Itisincreasinglyataskofmanagement.Organizingworkaccordingtoitsownlogicisonlythefirststep.Thesecondandfarmoredifficultoneismakingworksuitableforhumanbeings—andtheirlogicisradicallydifferentfromthelogicofwork.Makingtheworkerachievingimpliesconsiderationofthehumanbeingasanorganismhavingpeculiarphysiologicalandpsychologicalproperties,abilities,andlimitations,andadistinctmodeofaction.SocialResponsibilitiesThethirdtaskofmanagementismanagingthesocialimpactsandthesocialresponsibilitiesoftheenterprise.Noneofourinstitutionsexistsbyitselfandisanendinitself.Everyoneisanor...