CommonLaw——一般法Lawsthatdevelopthroughcasedecisionsbyjudges.Notenactedbylegislativebodies.commonlaw,systemoflawthatprevailsinEnglandandincountriescolonizedbyEngland.Thenameisderivedfromthemedievaltheorythatthelawadministeredbytheking’scourtsrepresentedthecommoncustomoftherealm,asopposedtothecustomoflocaljurisdictionthatwasappliedinlocalormanorialcourts.InitsearlydevelopmentcommonlawwaslargelyaproductofthreeEnglishcourtsKing’sBench,Exchequer,andtheCourtofCommonPleaswhichcompetedsuccessfullyagainstothercourtsforjurisdictionanddevelopedadistinctivebodyofdoctrine.Thetermcommonlaw“isalsousedtomeanthetraditional,precedent-basedelementinthelawofanycommon-lawjurisdiction,asopposedtoitsstatutorylaworlegislation,andalsotosignifythatpartofthelegalsystemthatdidnotdevelopoutofequity,maritimelaw,orotherspecialbranchesofpractice.【注】一般法指的是由法官的案例判决开展而来的法律,它不同于立法机关公布的法律。『笺』一般法系是当今世界两大法系之一。关于一般法的历史根底和传统在英国法律史学家SFC密尔松的《一般法的历史根底》和美国法理学家卡尔N卢埃林的《一般法的传统》中已经说得十分明晰,而关于一般法之因而有如此强大的生命力的根源以及一般法的精神,美国社会法学学派创始人、美国哈佛大学法学院院长罗斯科庞德(RoscoePound)那么在其《一般法的精神》一书中进展了精辟的阐述。