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《核电子学与核辐射仪器》实验讲义核技术教研室2010年版目录核电子学实验基础·······························································································1实验注意事项·······································································································7实验1闪烁探测器·····························································································9实验2线性放大器···························································································14实验3单道脉冲幅度分析器·············································································19实验4峰值保持器·····························································································24实验5A/D转换电路··························································································30实验6整机仪器的组装及应用·········································································36核电子学实验基础一、数字示波器的使用1、示波器前面板和用户界面核电子实验室使用的是RIGOLDS5102CA型数字示波器，该示波器的外形见图1。图1RIGOLDS5102CA数字示波器(1)界面认识示波器面板上包括旋钮和功能按键。旋钮的功能与其他示波器类似。显示屏右侧的一列5个灰色按键为菜单操作键（自上而下定义为1号至5号）。通过它们可以设置当前菜单的不同选项。其它按键（包括彩色按键）为功能键，通过它们可以进入不同的功能菜单或直接获得特定的功能应用。1图2DS5102CA面板操作操作说明(2)探头补偿在首次将探头与任一输入通道连接时，需要进行此项调节，使得探头与输入通道相配。未经补偿或补偿偏差的探头会导致测量误差或错误。若需调整探头补偿，请按如下步骤：①将探头菜单中的衰减系数和探头上开关设定为一样的值，都为1X或10X，通常都设为10X，并用探头将通道1和探头补偿器相连。打开通道1，然后按AUTO键自动设置；②检查所显示波形的形状；图3补偿过渡图4正确补偿图5补偿不足③如必要，用非金属质地的改锥调整探头上的可变电容，直到屏幕显示的波形如图4所示的“补偿正确”。2、仪器检查在使用仪器前，通常通过自检信号对仪器做一次快速功能检查，以核实本仪器运行正常。具体步骤如下：(1)接通电源，打开示波器开关，仪器执行所有自检项目，并确认自检；2(2)用示波器探头将信号接入通道1(CH1)，将探头上的开关设定为10X，并用探头线将通道1与探头补偿器相连；(3)探头设置与示波器中同比例的衰减系数（默认通常设定10X），从而使得测量结果正确反映被测信号的电平；(4)按住AUTO按键几秒钟内，可以看到方波显示（1kHz，峰峰值约3V）。(5)同样的方法检查通道2（CH2），按0FF功能按钮以关闭通道1，按CH2功能按钮以打开通道2，重复步骤2、步骤3步骤4。3、使用实例观测电路中一未知信号，迅速显示和测量信号的频率和峰峰值。(1)迅速显示该信号，请按如下步骤操作：①将探头菜单衰减系数设定为1X，并将探头上的开关设定为1X；②将通道1的探头连接到电路被测点；③按下AUTO（自动设置按钮）。示波器将自动设置使波形显示达到最佳...