新概念英语第二册语法总结：名词名词：（一）名词变复数1．规则名词复数形式：在单数名词后加“s”day→daysweek→weeks2．在以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加“es”。hero→heroesbox→boxesclass→classesbush→busheswatch→watches3．黄金重点：I．有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加“s”。II．以元音字母加o结尾的单词只加“s”。（不认识的单词，请你查词典，懒惰是学英语的唯一大忌。）piano，photo，zero，radio，bamboo，tobacco，solo，cuckoo，dynamo，cameo，soprano教你一招☆如果以O结尾的名词有生命力，则该词汇一般加-es。hero，tomato，potato，Negro（黑人）[简记：黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。]4．以辅音加y结尾的名词变y为i再加“es”family→familiescity→cities5．y前面是元音字母只加“s”key→keysboy→boysplay→playstoy→toys6．以f、fe结尾的名词，变f/fe为v加es。calf→calvesknife→knives?当心当心：I．下列名词直接加“s”。（请大声朗读三遍，然后背下。注意读音！）roof（房顶），reef（暗礁），chief（首领），cliff（悬崖），grief（悲痛），turf（草皮），belief（信仰），gulf（港湾），dwarf（侏儒），safe（保险箱），sheriff（长官），tariff（关税）II．scarf（头巾），wharf（码头），staff（全体职员），handkerchief（手帕）和hoof（蹄）既可直接加“s”，又可变f为v加es.（二）不规则名词复数形式1.foot→feetmouse→micegoose→geesechild→childrenox→oxenlouse→licewoman→womenman→men2．单复数同形：sheep,deer,fish,means,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works,barracks（兵营）bellows（风箱）kennels（狗窝）3．一些英语外来词的复数形式：crisis→crises危机analysis→analyses分析oasis→oases绿洲parenthesis→parentheses括号axis→axes轴心ellipsis→ellipses日蚀hypothesis→hypotheses假定synopsis→synopses内容提要erratum→errata勘误误表addendum→addenda补遗、附录medium→media媒体（以上单词熟悉即可）（三）复合名词复数形式1．中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数：bookshelf→bookshelveshandful→handfuls2．man和woman构成的复合名词，二者均变为复数。manservant→menservantswomanteacher→womenteachers3．中间有连字符的合成次，在主体词（中心意义的词）末尾变复数：sister-in-law→sisters-in-lawlooker-on→lookers-oneditor-in-chief→editors-in-chief4．下列合成名词在后一个词上变化：sit-in→sit-ins,grown-up→grown-upsstand-by→stand-bystouch-me-not→touch-me-notsgo-between→go-betweens（四）名词所有格1．在大多数名词末加“'s”theboy'stoy,men'swork2．以s结尾的复数名词直接加“'”thestudents'readingroom3．以s结尾的单数名词加“'”Dickens'novelstheactress'performance4．合成名词在最后一个词上加“s”herbrother-in-law'spiano.Somebodyelse'sbooks.（重要！）【金牌重点】除用于有生命的人外，“'s”格还可用于度量衡、地域、天体及一些习语中：anhour'sdrive,amile'sjourneytenpounds'weight,Beijing'sweathertheearth'ssurfaceastone'sthrow投石之距离atone'switsend智穷计尽toone'sheart'scontent尽情地byahair'sbreadth千钧一发atasnail'space缓慢地5．双重所有格：如果被修饰的名词前有不定冠词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词修饰。则要采用双重所有格。afriendofmine（名词性物主代词）achildofhersthelovepoemsofyoursister's注意区别：●aportraitofhermother她母亲的画像（画中人）●aportraitofhermother's她母亲拥有的画像中的一幅（不一定是她母亲的画像）测试精编1.Juliewenttothe________tobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoe'sstoreC.shoestoreD.shoes'store2.Asasafetyprecaution,allcitycabdriverscarryonlyenoughmoneytomakechangefora________bill.A.ten-dollarB.ten-dollarsC.tens-dollarD.ten-dollar's3.Recently,hehaslostallhis________atcards.A.wageandsavingB.wagesandsavingC.wageandsavingsD.wagesandsavings4.Iwant________.A.adollarworthcandyB.candyadollar'sworthC.adollar'sworthofcandyD.adollarworth'scandy5.Thesurroundingsachildgrowsupinusually________aneffectonhisdevelopment.A.haveB.hadC.doD.has（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*)嘻嘻……）KEYS1.C2.A3.D4.C5.A
