初中英语阅读理解之长难句分析讲义语篇学语法——从句IarrivedinLondononafoggyday,togotoaveryimportantmeeting.Theplace①wherethemeetingwasgoingtobeheldwasontheothersideofthetown.Alltrafficcametoastop②becausethedriverswerenotabletoseemorethanayardinfrontofthem.Themeetingwouldbeginat9:00,soIdecidedtogothereonfoot.Minuteslater,Iwascompletelylost.Istoodthereandthought③thatIwouldhavetophonetothemeetingtoexplain④thatIwasnotabletoarrivethereontime.ThenIheardayoungman’svoicecomingoutofthefog,“Isuppose⑤youarelost.CanIhelpyou?”Iwasverygladtohaveaman⑥whocouldtakemetothemeeting.AfterwardItoldhim⑦whereIwantedtogo,tookhisarm,andwestarted.Wewalkedquitefast,turningcornersandcrossingroads.⑧AsIfollowedhimthroughthedarkstreets,Iwondered⑨whyhefoundhiswaysoeasily.“IknowthispartofLondonquitewell,”hesaid.“Butinsuchafogit’simpossibletoseeanything,”Isaid.“Iamblind,sir.”heanswered,“Inthefog,itisexactlythesameformeasusual.”在英语语法中,按照句子结构,英语句子主要可以分为三种类型:简单句、并列句和复合句。1.简单句:最基本的句子类型,一个句子中只含有一个主谓结构。Eg:Myunclegivesmeacamera.2.并列句:由两个或两个以上独立的主谓结构或简单句并列在一起的,通常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上的句子,Eg:Jimwenttothepartylastnight,buthiswifedidn’t..Studyhardandyouwillmakeprogress.3.复合句:由一个主句与一个或一个以上的从句(从句有相应的连词引导)组成的句子。因此,复合句含有两个或两个以上的主谓结构(完整的句子),句子与句子之间用连接词连接。其中,主句部分可以独立存在,但从句担当了主句某一句子成分,故通常不能独立存在。根据从句在句子中充当的成分,可以将其分为6类,即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。※从句的本质:名词性从句1.主语从句:,而不是用单词或短语来充当主语。eg:(1)Whatyouneedismorepractice.(2)Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeenannounced.(3)Thathewillnotattendthemeetingisclear.(4)Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodisunknown.注:有时,为了避免将太长的主语放在句首而使句子显得头重脚轻,通常用代词it做形式主语,而将真正的主语从句放到句子的后面。例如:(1)Itisclearthathewillnotattendthemeeting.(2)Itisunknownwhetheritwilldousharmorgood.主语从句引导词:①连词that(在从句中不担任成分,本身没有词义),②连词whether(意思是“是否”)③连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,which等引导,④连接副词when,where,how,why等引导。2.表语从句:。跟在系动词后面的句子成分就是表语。eg:(1)ThatiswhatIwanttosay.(what在从句中充当,不能省略)(2)Myopinionisthatweshouldmakeadecisionrightnow.(that只引导,本身无词义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分,可以省略)(3)Theproblemiswhoshouldberesponsibleforthiscaraccident.(who在从句中当,不能省略)(4)WhatIwanttoknow(从句)iswhoisinchargeofthework(从句).(用于引导从句的what和引导从句的who都不能省略)(5)Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.(looks是系动词)3.宾语从句:,在动词或介词的后面通常都跟有宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词与主语从句和表语从句一样,是that,whether(if),who,whoever,which,when,where,how,why,what,whatever等。例如本文中出现的几个宾语从句:(1)Istoodthereandthought③thatIwouldhavetophonetothemeetingtoexplain④thatIwasnotabletoarrivethereontime.第③句是thought的宾语从句,第④句是explain的宾语从句。(2)Isuppose⑤youarelost.(这是suppose的宾语从句,省略了that).(3)AfterwardItoldhim⑦whereIwantedtogo,tookhisarm,andwestarted.(这是told的宾语从句,充当间接宾语,引导词where在从句中充当状语)(4)Iwondered⑨whyhefoundhiswaysoeasily.(wondered的宾从,why在从句中充当状语)另...