第三讲理解主旨要义——主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中难度较大的一类题目，是拉开分数差距的一个重要考查点。因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。高考全国卷主旨大意题题量统计考纲解读年份卷别201920182017(1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。(2)它既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大。(3)有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义；有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。全国卷Ⅰ2(段落大意、最佳标题)2(最佳标题、文章大意)1(最佳标题)全国卷Ⅱ2(文章大意、最佳标题)2(文章大意、最佳标题)2(段落大意、最佳标题)全国卷Ⅲ1(最佳标题)2(文章大意、最佳标题)2(文章大意、最佳标题)【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式：(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？/Whatisthetopicofthetext?(2)Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis________．(3)Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison________．(4)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?(5)What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(6)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?(7)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson________．Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度：(1)标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。(2)主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意。标题归纳题——概括凝练选标题该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强(不改变原文的意义和感情色彩)；覆盖性强(能概括全文并体现文章的主旨)。常见的设问方式：◆Thebesttitleofthepassageis________．◆Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?◆Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?◆Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________．[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅲ·B)ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.“It’snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners，”saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA＋ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChinainspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.“Chinaisimpossibletooverlook，”saysHill.“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement.”Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday’stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.“VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs—andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales，”addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion.“ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers，”shesays.“Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyou...
