PeriodThreeGrammar,Speaking&Writing一、动词ing形式(现在分词)作状语的句法功能1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)。Walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.=When/While(shewas)walkinginthepark,shesawanoldfriend.当她在公园里散步时,她看到了她的一个老朋友。Havingfinishedthehomework,hewentshopping.=Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentshopping.完成作业后,他就去购物了。注意:当表示正在进行的动作时,可直接在分词前面加上when/while,此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2.作原因状语。一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句。Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.因为生病了,他无法去上学。Notknowinghowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.=AsIdidnotknowhowtogetthere,Ihadtoasktheway.因为不知道如何到那里,我只得问路。3.作条件状语。一般放在句首,其前可以加if,unless等连词。Workinghard,andyou’llmakegreatprogress.=Ifyouworkhard,you’llmakegreatprogress.如果你努力工作,你将取得很大进步。Unlessworkingharder,you’llsurelyfailintheexam.除非更加努力,否则你无法通过考试。4.作方式状语。不能用状语从句来代替。Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。Wevisitedanumberofcities,travelingbytrain.我们坐火车访问了好多城市。5.作伴随状语。表示伴随的次要动作或补充说明,相当于一个并列谓语。Everyeveningtheysatonthesofa,readingbooks.=Everyeveningtheysatonthesofa,andreadbooks.他们每天晚上坐在沙发上读书。Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.=Istoodbythedoor,anddidn’tdaretosayaword.1我站在门旁,一句话也不敢说。6.作让步状语。一般放在句首,常常由although/though,while,evenif/though等连词引入。Althoughrepeatinghiswordsmanytimes,theteachercouldnotmakeherunderstandwhathemeant.尽管重复了很多遍,老师仍无法让她理解自己的意思。Whileachievinggreatachievements,heisverymodest.虽然取得了很大的成就,但他很谦虚。7.作结果状语(表示自然而然的结果,不定式短语作结果状语表示事与愿违的结果)。置于句末,前面经常加so,thereby,thus,hence等表示结果的副词。Heworkeddayandnight,thusmakinghimselfnearsighted.他日夜工作,结果造成眼睛近视。Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.大火持续了将近一个月,几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。注意:(1)现在分词作状语时除了可以表示上述情况外,还可表示补充说明。Pleasehandinyourhomework,writingdownyournameandyournumber.请交上你们的家庭作业,写上姓名和学号。(2)一般说来,分词(短语)作状语,它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致,但事实上有少数特殊情况。①当句子中含有主语it或there时,有时用作状语的分词短语的逻辑主语可以与句子的主语不一致。Havingsolittletime,therewasnotmuchthatIcoulddo.由于时间很少,我能做的事情很有限。②当分词已转化成为介词或连词,此时也无需考虑主语一致问题。Supposingshedoesn’tcome,whatshallwedo?要是她不来我们该怎么办?(supposing为连词,意为“假若”)Seeing(that)hedidn’thelpothers,noonewouldliketohelphim.鉴于他不帮助别人,没有人愿意帮助他。(seeing(that)为连词,意为“鉴于……,由于……”)③当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时,也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。Indoingsuchwork,patienceisneeded.=Whenonedoessuchwork,patienceisneeded.做这种工作需要耐心。即时跟踪1用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Being(be)soangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.2.Holding(hold)guns,thesoldiersrushedout.3.Thechildrenwentoutoftheschool,talking(talk)andlaughing(laugh).4.Thefishcaneatamaninafewminutes,leaving(leave)onlythebones.5.Walking(walk)alongthevalley,wecameacrossalargecave.6.Arriving(arrive)attheworksite,shefoundthembusylayingbricks.7.Whenleaving(leave)theairport,they...