Module5TheGreatSportsPersonalityGrammar—ReviewofadverbialclausesGoalsToreviewadverbialclausesProceduresStep1ReviewingtheadverbialclausesAdverbialclausesarelessthan(subordinateto)sentences.Theydonotcontainacompletethought.Adverbialclausesalwaysmodifytheverbinthemainclause(thesentence)towhichtheadverbialclauseisattached.Anadverbialclausetellshow,when,why,howmuch,towhatextentandunderwhatconditionstheactioninthemainclausetakesplace.Adverbialclausesalwaysbeginwithasubordinatingconjunction.Themostcommonsubordinatingconjunctionsarelistedbelow.Before,after,unlessAlthough,if,untilAs,inorderthat,whenAs,since,wheneveraslongas,sothat,whereassoonas,than,whereverbecause,though,whileAdverbialclauses,likeallsubordinateclauses,arestructuredinthesamewayallsentencesarestructured.Alladverbialclauseswillfallintooneofthefivesentencepatternsthathavealreadybeendescribed.ExamplesThewholecountrywassaddenedwhenOswaldassassinatedKennedy.Whenisthesubordinatingconjunctionintroducingthisadverbialclausewhichmodifieswassaddened.Oswaldisthesubjectoftheclause.Assassinatedistheactionverbwhichtransfersitsactiontothedirectobject,whichisKennedy,allofwhichmakesthisclausetransitiveactive.LittleJoewaspunishedbecausethewindowwasbroken.Becauseisthesubordinatingconjunctionintroducingthisadverbialclause.Windowisthesubject.Wasisthehelpingverb,andbrokenistheactionverbwhichtransfersitsactionbacktothesubjectmakingthisclausetransitivepassiveorpattern#2.Sincetheboywasdisruptive,hewasexpelledfromschool.Sinceisthesubordinatingconjunctionintroducingthisadverbialclausewhichmodifieswasinthemainclause.Windowisthesubjectoftheclause.Wasisthehelpingverb,anddisruptiveisthepredicateadjectivemakingtheclauseintransitivelinkingorpattern#4.Notethatthenaturalorderofanadverbialclauseisafterthemainclause.However,anadverbialclauseisokayatthebeginningofasentence.Ifitcomesatthebeginning,however,acommaisusedtoseparateitfromthemainclause.Canyoudeterminethecorrectpatternnumberofthefollowingexamplesofadverbialclauses?FranklinRooseveltservedasGovernorofNewYorkbeforehebecamePresidentoftheUnitedStates.Ifwecontinueburningfossilfuels,thetemperatureoftheearthwillrise.用心爱心专心AgathamadecoffeeasIcookedthebacon.SinceGrandfatherdied,Ihavebeenlonely.Grandfatherdiedbeforehewasready.AlthoughSpikebrokethewindow,hedidnotfeelguiltyaboutit.Canyouputbothanadjectiveclauseandanadverbialclauseinthesamesentenceasthefollowingexampledoes?AfterOswaldassassinatedKennedy,OswaldwaskilledbyamanwhowasovercomewithsympathyforthedeadPresident.Step2MakingsentenceswithadverbialclausesNextwearegoingtomakeourownexamples.It'sthebest,mostactivewaytolearn.Before,after,unless;Although,if,until;As,inorderthat,when;As,since,whenever;aslongas,sothat,where;assoonas,than,wherever;because,though,whileTheycalledhimtheprinceofgymnastsbecause,whenheretiredattheageof26,hehadwon106goldmedalsinmajorcompetitionsacrosstheworld.LiNingdidsowellasanathletethathewonsixoutofsevengoldmedalsatthe1982WorldChampionship,andthreeatthe1984OlympicsinLosAngeles(aswellastwosilverandabronze)．Whensportsjournalistsmetin1999tomakealistofthegreatestsportsmenandsportswomenofthetwentiethcentury,LiNing'snamewasonit,togetherwithfootballerPeleandboxerMuhammadAli.Buteventhoughhehadwoneverythingitwaspossibletowininhissport,LiNingretiredwiththefeelingthathehadfailed.Hewasdisappointedbecausehehadnotperformedwellinthe1988S...
