第三讲复合句作为必考项,复合句属应知应会内容。每年高考单选题中涉及复合句的题,少则2道、多则3道。复合句的种类很多,出现频度最高的是定语从句,其次为状语从句和名词性从句。一.名词性从句:1.名词性从句主要分为四大类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。是由if,whether,that和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样。2.名词性从句的语序:名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.(一)主语从句1.定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2.构成:关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:1)从属连词that:由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替。Thathehasdisappearedworrieshisparents.Itworrieshisparentsthathehasdisappeared.Itisnotlikelythathecanwinthelottery.Itisabigsurprisethatheisstillalive.2)从属连词whether。如:Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。WhetherornotshewillgotoJapanisuptoher.Whetherhewilltakepartintheplayisnotclear.3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever由what等代词引导的从句,表示”所1的(东西)”,实际上等于一个现行词加上一个定语从句,也可以由-ever等代词引导。Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。Whattheyaretalkingaboutisnothingvaluable.WhatIreallywantistohaveagoodrest.Whatevershedidiswrong.Whoeverpassestheexamcanget50yuan.Whoeverusedtohaveanothernameraiseyourhand.Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。连接副词where,when,how,why,如:Whenshewillbebackisstillaquestion.Wheretheyhadputthefilestroubledthespy.Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。Whereveryouareismyhome----myonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。4.主语从句常出现在下面的三种结构中。1)主语从句+谓语Thatshewillcometoourpartyiscertain.2)It+be+名词(形容词、过去分词)+that从句(1)Itis+名词+从句Itisafactthat2事实是2Itisanhonorthat?非常荣幸2Itiscommonknowledgethat?...是常识(2)itis+形容词+从句Itisnaturalthat2很自然2Itisstrangethat?奇怪的是2在这种结构中,that引导的从句后置。而使用it作形式主语,它也可以与前面讲到的结构换用。用于该结构的形容词很多,常见的有:obvious,clear,likely,true,certain...该结构中,由于使用了某些形容词、名词词组、过去分词,后面引导的主语从句要使用虚拟语气。关于这一点请参见《虚拟语气》一章。(3)it+过去分词+从句Itisreportedthat3据报道3Ithasbeenprovedthat3已证实3例句:Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.Itisquiteclearthattheelephantislikeahugefan.Itissaidthatourschoolwillberebuilt.3)It+seem(happen等不及物动词)+that从句Itseemsthat3似乎3Ithappenedthat3碰巧3ItseemsthatMaryisnotcomingatall.用于该结构的不及物动词有:seem,happen,appear,matter...该结果有的可以用不定式结构转换。如上面句子可转换为:Marydoesn'tseemtobecomingatall.5.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。2)Itissaid,(reported)3结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.(right)ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)3)Ithappens?Itoccurs?结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.(right)Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether3结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.(wrong)5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提...