牛津版英语选修8 Unit1 The written word--Section 2 Background information VIP免费

Unit1ThewrittenwordSection2BackgroundinformationI.SomestrategiestocompleteapersuasivewritingassignmentWriteoutthequestionsinyourownwords.Thinkofthequestionsposedintheassignmentwhileyouarereadingandresearching.Determineofactsoanysourcesthatwillhelpyoudeterminetheirreliability(aswellasforfurtherreference)owhatprejudiceslieintheargumentorvaluesthatcolorthefactsortheissueowhatyouthinkoftheauthor'sargumentListoutfacts;considertheirimportance:prioritize,edit,sequence,discard,etc.Askyourself"What'smissing?"Whatarethe"hotbuttons"oftheissue?Listpossibleemotions/emotionalreactionsandrecognizethemforlateruseStartwritingadraft!Startascloseaspossibletoyourreading/researchDonotconcernyourselfwithgrammarorspellingWriteyourfirstparagraphoIntroducethetopicoInformthereaderofyourpointofview!oEnticethereadertocontinuewiththerestofthepaper!oFocusonthreemainpointstodevelopEstablishflowfromparagraphtoparagraphKeepyourvoiceactiveQuotesourcestoestablishauthorityStayfocusedonyourpointofviewthroughouttheessayFocusonlogicalargumentsDon'tlapseintosummaryinthedevelopment--waitfortheconclusionConclusionoSummarize,thenconclude,yourargumentoRefertothefirstparagraph/openingstatementaswellasthemainpointsdoestheconclusionrestatethemainideas?reflectthesuccessionandimportanceoftheargumentslogicallyconcludetheirdevelopment?·Edit/rewritetobettertelegraphyourdevelopmentandconclusion.用心爱心专心II．无否定意义的否定句英语中的否定句一般都含有否定意义，但有些句型、词组和句子虽然带有否定词却表示肯定含义，这是学生掌握否定句时的难点，下面笔者针对这一难点进行简要的分析。表示肯定意义的否定句有以下几种情况：一、含有肯定意义的某些否定句型：cannothelp/choosebut（必须，不得不，只能），cannothelpdoingsth.（忍不住做某事），cannot...too...（再……也不为过，越……越好）,hardly/scarcely...when...（刚……就……），nosooner...than...（刚……就……）等。例如：Icannothelpbutadmitthetruthofyourremarks,althoughtheygoagainstmyinterests.虽然你的言论违反我的利益，但我不得不承认你说的对。Youcannotbetoocarefulwithyourwork.工作越仔细越好。Hardlyhadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.我们刚开始就被叫停。Nosoonerhadwesatdownthanwefounditwastimetogo.我们刚刚坐下就发现该走了。二、某些带有否定词的词组表示肯定意义：innotime（立刻，马上，一下子），noneotherthan（正是，除……之外无其它），nothingbut(只不过是，仅仅）等。Heatethecakeinnotime.他一下子就把蛋糕吃掉了。Themanwasnoneotherthanmyhusband.那个人（不是别人）正是我的丈夫。Wecouldseenothingbutwater.我们只看见一大片水。三、双重否定句中两个否定成分相互抵消，通常最终表达肯定的意思。常见的有以下几种:1.由not加上含有否定意思的词或句子构成。例如：Wewerenotunpreparedforthedisappointment.我们对失望也不是没有思想准备。2.否定词加上without短语。例如：Hewouldn’tattendthelecturewithoutbeinginvited.要是不邀请他的话，他是不会参加这个讲座的。3.否定词后跟关系词引导的含否定意义的从句。例如：Thereisnobodywhotakesnocareoffootballmatchesinthiscity.在这座城市，人人都关心足球比赛。4.否定词no,not,never,seldom等后面跟until/till或unless引导的状语。例如：Shedidn’tarriveuntil6o’clock.她六点才到。四、含有形容词或副词比较级的否定句表示更强烈的肯定。Nothingismorevaluablethanhealth.没有什么比健康更宝贵了。（实际意义：健康是最宝贵的。）五、某些修饰性疑问句（如否定疑问句）表达肯定的意思。Whodoesn’tknowtheearthisround?谁不知道地球是圆的呢？（实际意用心爱心专心义：人人都知道地球是圆的。）III.BiographyofJo...