高中英语 直接引语和间接引语教案 新人教版必修1VIP免费

直接引语和间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?(一)人称的转变1.直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”-Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2.直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如："Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,"myfathertoldme.MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3.直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4.人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：Heaskedme“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。(二)时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求)，变化如下：一般现在时-----一般过去时现在进行时-------过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时------过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变过去进行时不变如：1)“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.-Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.2)Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.3)Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.4)Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.5)“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.6)Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.7)Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.8)Hesaid，“Ihaven'theardfrommyparentsthesedays.”Hesaidthathehadn'theardfromhisparentsthosedays.(三)时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化now-----thentoday------thatdayyesterday----thedaybeforelastweek(month)--theweek(month)beforetomorrow-----thenext(following)daynextyear----theyearbeforetwodaysago--twodaysbeforethis-----thatthese-----those地点状语：here--there动词：come----gobring----take如：Shesaid,“Iwon'tgothereanymore.”-Shesaidshewouldn'tcomehereanymore.Hesaid,“Thiswillbefinishedtomorrow.”-Hesaidthatwouldbefinishedthenextday.Paulsaid,“IvisitedChinalastyear.”-PaulsaidhehadvisitedChinatheyearbefore.(四)直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.2.当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelp3.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”-Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.4.当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool...