假设(1)计算机软件行业表现出外部规模经济VIP免费

CHAPTER6ReviewQuestions1.Adownwardslopingaveragecostcurvereflectseconomiesofscalesinceincreasedoutputofthefirmlowersit'sunitcosts.a.Giventhatthefirm'sfixedcostsare$20andthemarginalcostofproductionis$2perunit,howdoaveragecostschangeasproductionincreasesfrom5to10to20to40units?b.Discusstheintuitionbehindyourresponsetoparta.c.Inthefigurebelow,graphtherelationshipbetweenoutput,andaverageandmarginalcosts.d.Asoutputgetsextremelylarge,whathappenstoaveragecost?Why?e.Whatistherelationshipbetweenaveragecostandthenumberoffirmsinanindustry?2.Considertheproductiondecisionofahigh-endproducerofDVDplayerswhobehavesasamonopolisticcompetitorfacingademandcurvewithparameterb=l/1000.Fixedcostsare$500,000andthemarginalcostofproducingaDVDplayeris$100.SupposeHomehasannualDVDplayersalesof50,000units.a.GraphthePPandCCcurvesfortheHomeDVDplayerindustry.b.DiscussthesignificanceofthePPandCCcurves.c.Intheabsenceoftrade,howmanyfirmswillproduceDVDplayers?d.Whatwillbetheprofitofeachofthesefirms?e.WhatistheeconomicsignificanceofpointstotheleftofthePP/CCintersection?3.a.Whatconditionsgiverisetoeconomiesofscaleinproduction?b.Whatisthejustificationfortradebasedoneconomiesofscaleinproduction?c.Doesyourresponsedependontheformofeconomiesofscaleinproduction(i.e.internalorexternal)?4.假设（1）计算机软件行业表现出外部规模经济，（2）与美国相比，印度在生产计算机软件上有比较优势，（3）印度软件市场的规模是美国市场的十分之一，（4）美国在该行业处于领先而且同时为美国和印度市场生产。如果印度保护它的软件市场，将发生什么情况？为什么？5.你认为对于哪种类型的国家和哪种类型的商品，基于比较优势的贸易比基于规模经济的贸易更重要？对于哪种类型的国家和哪种类型的商品，基于规模经济的贸易比基于比较优势的贸易更重要？请做出解释。6.为什么我们会认为基于规模经济而生的产业内贸易相对于基于比较优势而生的产业间贸易来讲会产生更小的政治争论？