第1页共10页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共10页材料英语证书考试(PEC)-有机材料处理词汇TermExplanationActinomycetes:Anyofagroupofgenerallylow-oxygen–utilizingbacteriaidentifiedbyabranchinggrowthpatternthatresultinlargethreadlikestructures.Manyspeciesoccurinsoilandareharmlesstoanimalsandhigherplants.Adjuvant:Aningredientthatimprovesthepropertiesofaformulationtowhichithasbeenadded.Aerate/aeration:Tosupplywithairorexposetothecirculationofair:aeratesoilorsoilaeration.Forcedaerationreferstotheuseofblowersinacompostpile.Aerobic:Tobe"withoxygen."Lifeorbiologicalprocessesthatcanoccuronlyinthepresenceofoxygen,suchasthedigestionoforganicmatterbybacteria.Agriculturalmaterial:Materialofplantoranimalorigin,whichresultfromtheproductionandprocessingoffarm,ranchagricultural,horticultural,aquacultural,silvicultural,floricultural,vermicultural,orviticulturalproducts,includingmanures,orchardandvineyardprunings,andcropresidues.Anaerobic:Tobe"withoutoxygen."Abiologicalprocessoccurringintheabsenceofoxygen,markedbyafoulodor.Theseodorsmayincludeaceticacid,butyricacid,orputrescine.Arthropod:(Greek--jointfoot)Anyofnumerousinvertebrateanimalsofthephylum(family)Arthropoda,includingtheinsects,crustaceans,arachnids,andmyriapods,thatarecharacterizedbyachitinousexoskeletonandasegmentedbodytowhichjointedappendagesarearticulatedinpairs.Ash:Theresiduethatremainsafterasolidwastehasburned.Alsoreferredtoasbottomashandflyash.Bacteria:Microscopicsingle-celledorganismslackinganucleus.Theyarestructuredaseitherrod-shaped,sphere-shaped,orspiral-shaped.Theycanbeaerobicoranaerobic,orfacultativeanaerobic.Backyardcomposting:Theon-siteprocess(typicallysmallscale)wherethebiologicaldecompositionoforganicmaterialssuchasleaves,grassclippings,brush,andfoodscrapsisprocessedintoasoilamendment.Beetlemites:(Acari)Heavilyarmoredfungus-andneedle-eaters.Bestmanagementpractices:Themosteffectiveandpracticablemethodofpreventingorreducingtheamountofpollutiongeneratedbypollutionsources.OftenabbreviatedasBMPs.第2页共10页第1页共10页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共10页Bioaerosols:Airborneparticlesofbiologicaloriginincludingbacteria,viruses,fungiandyeasts,pollens,andorganicmatter.Bioassay:Appraisalofthebiologicalactivityofasubstancebytestingitseffectonanorganismandcomparingtheresultwithsomeagreedstandard.Biodiversity:ThevariabilityamonglivingorganismsonEarth,includingthevariabilitywithinandbetweenspeciesandwithinandbetweenecosystems.Biofiltration:Theharnessingofnaturalprocessesforvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC)andodorcontrol.Example:anairstreamispassedthroughabiofiltercontainingmicroorganisms,whichmetabolizetheVOCs,turningthemintocarbondioxideandwater.Bioremediation:Theuseofplantsormicroorganismstocleanupcontaminationandpollutionortosolveotherenvironmentalproblems,andreturntheenvironmenttoitsoriginalcondition.Biosolids:Thenutrient-richorganicbyproductmaterialresultingfromthetreatmentofsewagesludgeandwastewater.CAFO:Combinedanimalfeedingoperation(CAFO).Animalfeedingoperations(AFOs)arelivestock-raisingoperations,suchashog,cattleandpoultryfarms,whichconfineandconcentrateanimalpopulationsandtheirwastes.CAFOisthelargestcategoryofAFOwithgreaterthan1,000"animalunits"andisasignificantcontributortothepollutionofwatersintheU.S.Casinglayer:Amoistlayerofpeatmossmixedwithasmallamountof...
