第1页共9页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第1页共9页附录英文原文IndustrialRobotanditssystem’scomponentsThereareavarietyofdefinitionsofthetermrobot.Dependingonthedefinitionused,thenumberofrobotinstallationsworldwidevarieswidely.Numeroussinglepurposemuchinesareusedinmanufacturingplantsthatmightappeartoberobots.Thesemachinesarehardwiredtoperformasinglefunctionandcannotbereprogrammedtoperformadifferentfunction.Suchsingle-purposemachinesdonotfitthedefinitionforindustrialrobotsthatisbecomingwidelyaccepted.ThisdefinitionwasdevelopedbytherobotInstituteofAmerica:Arobotisareprogrammablemuhifunctionalmanipulatordesignedtomovematerial,parts,tools,orspecializeddevicesthroughvariableprogranmledmotionsfortheperfommnceofavarietyoftasks.Notethatthisdefinitioncxmtalnsthewordsreprograrnmableandmultifunctional.Itisthesetwocharacteristicsthatseparatethetrueindustrialrobotfromthevarioussingle-purposemachinesusedinmodernmanufacturingfirms.Theterm"reprogrammable"impliestwothings:Therobotoperatesaec~)rdingtoawrittenprogram,andthisprogramcanberewrittentoacconlmodatcavarietyofmanufacturingtasks.Theterm"multifunctional"meansthattherobotcan,throughreprogrammingandtheuseofdifferentcnd-effectors,performanumberofdifferentmanufacturingtasks.Definitionswrittenaroundthesetwocriticalcharacteristicsarebecomingtheaccepteddefinitionsamongmanufacturingprofessionals.Thefimtarticulatedarmcameaboutin1951andwasusedbytheU.S.AtomicEnergyCommission.In1954,thefirstprogrammablerobotwasdesignedbyGeorgeDevol.Itwasbasedontwoimportanttechnologies:(1)Numericalcontrol(NC)technology.(2)Remotemanipulationtechnology.Numericalcontroltechnologyprovidedafomaofmachinecontrolideallysuitedtorobots.Itallowedforthecontrolofmotionbystoredprograms.Theseprogramscontaindatapointstowhichtherobotsequentiallymoves,timingsignalstoinitiateactionandtostopmovement,andlogicstatementstoallowfordecisionrfmking.RemotemanipulationtechnologyallowedamachinetobemorethanjustanotherNCmachine.Itallowedsuchmachinestobecomerobotsthatcanperfomlavarietyofmanufactuingtasksinbothinaccessibleanunsafeenvironmonts.Bymeringthesetwotechnologies,Devoldevelopedthefirstindustrialrobot,anunsophistieatedprogrammablematerialshandlingmachine.Thefirstconunerciallyproducedrobotwasdevelopedin1959.In1962,thefirstindustrialrobottobeusedoilaproductionllnewasinstalledbyGeneralMotorsCorporation.ThisrobotwasproducedbyUnimation.Amajorstepforwardinrobotcontroloccurredin1973withthedevelopmentoftheT-3industrial第2页共9页第1页共9页编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第2页共9页robotbyCincinnatiMilaeron.TheT-3robotwasthefirstcommerciallyproducedindustrialrobotcontrolledbyaminicomputer.Numericalcontrolandremotemanipulationtechnologypromptedthewidescaledevelopmentanduseofindustrialrobots.Butmajortechnologicaldevelopmentsdonottakeplacesimplybecauseofsuchnewcapabilities.Somethingmustprovidetheimpetusfortakingadvantageofthesecapabilities.Inthecaseofindustrialrobots,theimpetuswaseconomies.Therapidinflationofwagesexperiencedinthe1970stremendouslyincreasedthepersonnelcostsofmanufacturingfirms.Atthesametime,foreigncompetitionbecameaseriousproblemforU.S.manufacturers.Foreignmanufacturerswhohadundertakenautomationonawidescalebasis,suchasthoseinJapan,begantogainanincreasinglylargeshareoftheU.S.andworldmarketformanufacturedgoods,particularlyautomobil...
