400万吨/年常减压蒸馏装置工艺设计摘要随着原油供需矛盾趋紧和原油价格持续走高，中国石化炼油企业原油采购日益重质化，造成部分常减压蒸馏装置的减压系统超负荷，蜡渣油分割不清，蜡油馏分流失到渣油当中，渣油量的增大又造成炼油厂重油装置能力吃紧和不必要的能量消耗，部分企业还不得以出售渣油，削弱了加工重质原油的应有效益。为了缓解加工原油变重对二次加工装置的影响，提高重油加工装置的营运水平，充分发挥原油采购重质化的效益，提高蒸馏装置减压系统的拔出水平显得尤为重要。常压蒸馏是石油加工的“龙头装置”，后续二次加工装置的原料，及产品都是由常减压蒸馏装置提供。常减压蒸馏主要是通过精馏过程，在常压和减压的条件下，根据各组分相对挥发度的不同，在塔盘上汽液两相进行逆向接触、传质传热，经过多次汽化和多次冷凝，将原油中的汽、煤、柴馏分切割出来，生产合格的汽油、煤油、柴油及蜡油及渣油等。本文以400万吨/年常减压蒸馏装置为例，着重介绍了大港原油的炼制。以及常减压装置的生产流程和设计计算方法等。关键词：精馏过程；传质传热；汽液两相ABSTRACTWithcrudeoil,thecontradictionbetweensupplyanddemandandcontinuingtighteningcrudeoilpriceshigh,Chinapetrochemicalrefiningenterprisecrudeoilpurchasingincreasinglyheavyqualitative,causedpartoftenvacuumdistillationdevicepressuresystemoverload,wax,residualsegmentationisnotclear,oilfractionsoflosstotheresidue,residualamountofincreaseandcausedheavyoilrefinerycapacityandunnecessarydevicetightenergyconsumption,partoftheenterprisealsoshallnotsellresidual,weakentheprocessingofheavyoilshouldbenefit.Inordertoalleviateprocessingcrudeoilweighttotheinfluenceoftwoprocessingequipment,improvetheservicelevelofheavyoilprocessingdevice,givefullplaytopurchaseheavycrudeoilqualitativebenefits,andimprovethesystemofthereducedpressuredistillationunitdrawlevelisparticularlyimportant.Atmosphericdistillationisoilprocessing"leadingdevice",thesubsequenttwoprocessingdeviceofrawmaterials,andproductsareoftenprovidedbyvacuumdistillationdevice.Oftenvacuumdistillationismainlythroughthedistillationprocessinatmosphericpressureandreducedpressureconditions,accordingtothevariouscomponentsoftherelativevolatilityfordifferent,inthetraysaicliquidtwophasetoreversecontact,masstransferheattransfer,aftermanyvaporizingandmultiplecondensing,crudeoil,coal,andthesteamwoodcuttingoutthefraction,productionqualifiedgasoline,kerosene,dieseloilandoilandresidual,etc.Thispaperwiththe4milliontons/yearoftenvacuumdistillationunitasanexample,thispaperintroducestheportofcrudeoilrefining.Andoftenpressure-reliefdevicemanufacturingprocessesanddesigncalculationmethod,etc.Keywords:distillationprocess;Masstransferheattransfer;Steamliquidtwophase目录文献综述...........................................................................................................................51、石油综述.....................................................................................................................51.1石油定义及石油资源分布简介...........................................................................51.2国内外主要油田原油性质..................................................................................72、石油产量.....................................................................................................................92.1世界石油产量和国内需求..................................................................................92.2石油蒸馏技术的发展情况.................................................................................11...
